2.1 cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

14 organelles

A
plasma membrane
cilia
centriole
chloroplast
cell wall
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
flagellum
golgi apparatus 
mitochondria 
lysosome 
ribosome 
vesicles
nucleus
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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

surface of animal cell , inside cell wall in plant cells.
made of lipids and proteins
-regulate movement, in and out of the cell
- receptors molecules

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3
Q

cell wall

A

rigid structure, surrounds plant cells
mainly made of cellulose
- supports plant cells

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4
Q

lysosome

A

round organelle with membrane

-contains digestive enzymes, digest invading cells or breaks down components of the cell.

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5
Q

riobosome

A

attached to rer or floats free
made up of proteins and RNA
no membrane
- where proteins are made

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6
Q

nucleus

A
nuclear envelope (double membrane)
pores
nucleolus
contains chromatin ( made from DNA and proteins)
- controls cell activities
-pores allow substances (RNA) 
- nucleolus makes riobosomes 
- DNA contains instructions to make proteins
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7
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

system of membranes enclosing fluid-filled space
surface covered with ribosomes
-folds and porcesses proteins

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8
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

system of membranes enclosing fluid-filled spaces
no ribosomes
-synthesises and processes lipids

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9
Q

golgi appratus

A

fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

  • process and packages proteins and lipids
  • makes lysosomes
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10
Q

vesicles

A

fluid-filled sacs with a membrane
made in golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum, cell surface
-transport substances

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11
Q

miochondrion

A
double membrane
inner membrane folded in cristae
inside contains matrix
-site of aerobic respiration, produces ATP
- requires energy
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12
Q

centriole

A

hollow cylinders made of microtubules
animal cells and some plant cells
-involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division

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13
Q

chloroplast

A

flattened structure in plant cells
Double membrane
inside contains thylakoid membrane stacked up into structures called grana linked together by bits of thylakoids, lamellae
- site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

cilia

A

hair-like structures
found in surface membrane of some animal cells
9 pairs of microtubules and 2 at the middle, 9+2 formation
-microtubules allow cilia to move and to move substances along cell surface

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15
Q

flagellum

A

stick out of cell
plasma membrane
9 pairs of microtubules and 2 in the middle, 9+2 formation
- microtubules contract, flagellum moves (sperm cell)

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16
Q

organelles working together proteins production

A

made at ribosome

  • if free stay in cytoplasm
  • in RER excreted o attached to cell membranes
  • RER folded and processed, vesicle
  • golgi apparatus further processed vesicle
    eg. glycoproteins –>cell surface and excreted
17
Q

organelles working together cytoskeletron

A

in cytoplasm

  • network of proteins threads
  • in eukaryotic arranged in microtubules and microfilaments
    1. support organelles in position
    2. strengthen cell, mantain shape
    3. movement of material (contraction of microtubules separates chromosomes)
    4. cause movement of cilia and flagella
18
Q

prokaryotic cell differences

A
  1. smaller 2 compared to 10-100
  2. circular DNA not linear
  3. wall made of polysaccharide but not chitin (fungi) cellulose (plants), animal no cell wall
  4. no nucleus
  5. few organelles, no membrane-bound
  6. flagella made of protein flagellin arranged in a helix, in eukaryotic made of microtubule proteins and arranged in 9+2 formation
  7. small ribosomes