2.1 cell structure Flashcards
14 organelles
plasma membrane cilia centriole chloroplast cell wall rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum flagellum golgi apparatus mitochondria lysosome ribosome vesicles nucleus
plasma membrane
surface of animal cell , inside cell wall in plant cells.
made of lipids and proteins
-regulate movement, in and out of the cell
- receptors molecules
cell wall
rigid structure, surrounds plant cells
mainly made of cellulose
- supports plant cells
lysosome
round organelle with membrane
-contains digestive enzymes, digest invading cells or breaks down components of the cell.
riobosome
attached to rer or floats free
made up of proteins and RNA
no membrane
- where proteins are made
nucleus
nuclear envelope (double membrane) pores nucleolus contains chromatin ( made from DNA and proteins) - controls cell activities -pores allow substances (RNA) - nucleolus makes riobosomes - DNA contains instructions to make proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
system of membranes enclosing fluid-filled space
surface covered with ribosomes
-folds and porcesses proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
system of membranes enclosing fluid-filled spaces
no ribosomes
-synthesises and processes lipids
golgi appratus
fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs
- process and packages proteins and lipids
- makes lysosomes
vesicles
fluid-filled sacs with a membrane
made in golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum, cell surface
-transport substances
miochondrion
double membrane inner membrane folded in cristae inside contains matrix -site of aerobic respiration, produces ATP - requires energy
centriole
hollow cylinders made of microtubules
animal cells and some plant cells
-involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division
chloroplast
flattened structure in plant cells
Double membrane
inside contains thylakoid membrane stacked up into structures called grana linked together by bits of thylakoids, lamellae
- site of photosynthesis
cilia
hair-like structures
found in surface membrane of some animal cells
9 pairs of microtubules and 2 at the middle, 9+2 formation
-microtubules allow cilia to move and to move substances along cell surface
flagellum
stick out of cell
plasma membrane
9 pairs of microtubules and 2 in the middle, 9+2 formation
- microtubules contract, flagellum moves (sperm cell)