2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a vesicle
Help transport useful material and recycle/bin harmful material or pathogen
What is the function of the Golgi
A membrane that sorts and packages
-transports lipids and enzymes by vesicles
-forms lysosomes (filled with enzymes)
-lipids and proteins
What is the function of the smooth ER
-synthesises lipids and metabolised carbohydrates
-no ribosomes
What is the function of ribosomes
-site of protein synthesis
-can either be 80s or 70s
Function of rough ER
-studded with ribosomes which make proteins
-made of membrane (things can move through)
-vesicles transport proteins
Function of nucleus
-contains DNA
-could be connected to ER
-Nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
Function of plasma cell membrane
-Control internal conditions
-partially permiable
-keep components inside
-allow selective molecules in and out
-compartmentalisation
-can allow the cell to change shape
What is the function of mitochondria
-site of aerobic respiration
-inner membrane folded to inc SA (cristae)
-releases energy
-matrix has its own ribosomes and dna
-generates ATP
What is tissue made up of
A clump of same cells
What are organs
A collection of tissue to form a functional piece of the body
What are the key features of prokaryotic cells
-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
-very very small
-most of them are bacteria
-70s ribosomes are there only organelle
-DNA is free in cytoplasm
Functions of Cell wall in prokaryotes
-Made of murien (glycoprotein)
-prevents it from bursting
-some have slime capsules
Function of cytoplasm in prokaryotes
-Stores good reserved as glycogen and oil droplets
-site of all chemical reactions
-contains, water, nutrients, enzymes …
What is the function of a nucleotide
-located in prokaryotes it is the area where the DNA is
-May have plasmid
~Plasmids can transfer from one bacteria to another
~plasmids contain genes (antibiotic resistance
How do you work out the mean cell length (um) from a microscope
Diameter of field of view (um)
——————————————
No. of cells lengthways
What does a transmission em do to create an image
Shoots beams of electrons into the specimen, parts of the specimen absorb more electron (appear dark) and some absorb less electrons (appear light)
How does a scanning em work
Electrons scattered when fired at the specimin and the pattern of electrons are contours of the specimens surface. This is then sent to a screen to produce a 3d image
