2.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

What is a vesicle

Answer 1

Help transport useful material and recycle/bin harmful material or pathogen

Question 2

What is the function of the Golgi

Answer 2

A membrane that sorts and packages
-transports lipids and enzymes by vesicles
-forms lysosomes (filled with enzymes)
-lipids and proteins

Question 3

What is the function of the smooth ER

Answer 3

-synthesises lipids and metabolised carbohydrates
-no ribosomes

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 4

-site of protein synthesis
-can either be 80s or 70s

Question 5

Function of rough ER

Answer 5

-studded with ribosomes which make proteins
-made of membrane (things can move through)
-vesicles transport proteins

Question 6

Function of nucleus

Answer 6

-contains DNA
-could be connected to ER
-Nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Question 7

Function of plasma cell membrane

Answer 7

-Control internal conditions
-partially permiable
-keep components inside
-allow selective molecules in and out
-compartmentalisation
-can allow the cell to change shape

Question 8

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 8

-site of aerobic respiration
-inner membrane folded to inc SA (cristae)
-releases energy
-matrix has its own ribosomes and dna
-generates ATP

Question 9

What is tissue made up of

Answer 9

A clump of same cells

Question 10

What are organs

Answer 10

A collection of tissue to form a functional piece of the body

Question 11

What are the key features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
-very very small
-most of them are bacteria
-70s ribosomes are there only organelle
-DNA is free in cytoplasm

Question 12

Functions of Cell wall in prokaryotes

Answer 12

-Made of murien (glycoprotein)
-prevents it from bursting
-some have slime capsules

Question 13

Function of cytoplasm in prokaryotes

Answer 13

-Stores good reserved as glycogen and oil droplets
-site of all chemical reactions
-contains, water, nutrients, enzymes …

Question 14

What is the function of a nucleotide

Answer 14

-located in prokaryotes it is the area where the DNA is
-May have plasmid
~Plasmids can transfer from one bacteria to another
~plasmids contain genes (antibiotic resistance

Question 15

How do you work out the mean cell length (um) from a microscope

Answer 15

Diameter of field of view (um)
——————————————
No. of cells lengthways

Question 16

What does a transmission em do to create an image

Answer 16

Shoots beams of electrons into the specimen, parts of the specimen absorb more electron (appear dark) and some absorb less electrons (appear light)

Question 17

How does a scanning em work

Answer 17

Electrons scattered when fired at the specimin and the pattern of electrons are contours of the specimens surface. This is then sent to a screen to produce a 3d image