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SAT II World History > 2.1 Bronze Age Civilizations > Flashcards

2.1 Bronze Age Civilizations Flashcards

1
Q

civilization

A
  • highly organized and complex society
  • common features
    • division of labor
    • state government
    • writing and religion
    • hierarchy
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2
Q

draft power

A

using the strength of domesticated animals (such as pulling a plow)

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3
Q

irrigation

A

redirecting the natural flow of water to aid farming

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4
Q

surplus food

A

more than minimal amount needed to survive

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5
Q

city

A

large, densely populated settlement where civilization first emerged

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6
Q

division of labor

A
  • separation of tasks in a society so that individuals may specialize
  • made civilization possible
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7
Q

state

A

centralized government with authority over a given territority (e.g., city, country, empire)

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8
Q

hierarchy

A

a ranking of groups of people according to their importance, status, or power

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9
Q

Ancient Mesopotamia

A
  • land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that gave rise to several civilizations:
    • Sumerians
    • Akkadians
    • Babylonians
    • Hitties (originated in Turkey, conquered Mesopotamia)
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10
Q

Sumerians

A

Ancient Mesopotamians credited with building the world’s first civilization

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11
Q

ziggurat

A

stepped pyramid mounted with a temple, built by Ancient Mesopotamians

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12
Q

city-state

A

a political unit consisting of an independent city and the lands surrounding it

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13
Q

Cuneiform

A

system of wrtiting invented by Sumerians and adapted by many other Ancient Mesopotamian civilizations

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14
Q

Akkadians

A

Ancient Mesopotamians credited with building the world’s first empire

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15
Q

empire

A

a large political unit in which a number of different cultures are governed by a single ruler

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16
Q

Sargon the Great

A

Akkadian king who conquered Sumer and built the world’s first empire

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17
Q

Gilgamesh

A

epic poem about a Sumerian king searching for immortality

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18
Q

epic poem

A
  • lengthy narrative poem about a serious subject
  • contains heroic deeds and events significant to a particular civilization
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19
Q

Babylonians

A

Ancient Mesopotamians famous for their thriving capital city, for Hammurabi, and for their advancements in math and science

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20
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian king most famous for his law code

21
Q

Code of Hammurabi

A

well-preserved Babylonian law code of Ancient Mesopotamia

22
Q

Hittites

A

Ancient Anatolians who conquered Mesopotamia, famous for being the first to manufature iron and to use war chariots

23
Q

Ancient Egypt

A

civilization in Northeastern Africa that was sustained by the Nile River for thousands of years

24
Q

Old Kingdom

A

first dynastic era in Egyptian history, famous for its pyramids

25
mummification
pracitce used by Ancient Egyptians to preserve human body for the afterlife
26
Egyptian pyramid
built as tombs for the pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods
27
absolute monarch
a hereditary ruler whose power is unlimited
28
pharaoh
political and religious leader of Ancient Egypt
29
dynasty
a series of rulers who come from the same family
30
Hieroglyphs
the writing system used in Ancient Egypt
31
Rosetta Stone
large stone with three versions of a decree, used to decipher Egyptian Hieroglyphs
32
Middle Kingdom
* Egypt was reunified after the fall of Old Kingdom * overthrown by the Hyksos
33
Hyksos
* conquered Egypt bringing an end to the Middle Kingdom * used horse-drawn chariots
34
New Kingdom
political and cultural zenith of Ancient Egypt
35
Indus Valley Civilization
* Bronze Age civilization that flourished in present-day Pakistan and India * written language is undeciphered - everything we know is based on physical remains
36
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
* Indus Valley cities that were remarkably advanced * impressive urban planning, standardization, and water management
37
Aryans
Indo-Europeans that invaded India, perhaps bringing an end to the Indus Valley Civilization
38
Ancient China
* last River Valley Civilization to emerge * geographically isolated * main two dynasties: Shang and Zhou
39
Shang Dynasty
* first Chinese dynasty with solid archaeological evidence * centralized political control * laid the foundation for all future dynasties to come * first cities in East Asia * invented Chinese writing system * ancestor worship
40
ancestor worship
Chinese religious practice initiated by Shang that involves paying homage to deceased family members
41
Zhou Dynasty ("Joe")
* overthrew the Shang and implemented decentralized political control (feudalism) * first to claim Mandate of Heaven * Warring States Period led to creative new philosophical ideas, including Confucianism
42
Mandate of Heaven
idea that the gods take power from rulers that become unfit to rule, and pass that power to another group
43
feudalism
* decentralized form of government * aristocrats get land from the king * the king gets loyalty and military service in return
44
Warring States Period
* period towards the end of Zhou Dynasty when fuedal kings fought each other * gave rise to new philosophical ideas (including Confucianism) as people searched for solutions
45
Mediterranean Civilizations
* During the Bronze Age, four smaller civilizations in and around the Mediterranean Sea left a profound influence on human history: * **Hebrews** = monotheistic religion * **Phoenicians** = alphabet * **Minoans** = first civilization in Europe * **Mycenaeans** = legacy influenced Classical Greeks
46
Hebrews
* monotheists * laid the foundations for three of the world's major religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
47
Phoenicians
supreme mariners whose alphabetic writing system became popular throughout their large trade network
48
Minoans
* early Greeks who lived on the island of Crete * Europe's first civilization * magnificent palaces
49
Mycenaeans
* early Greeks who lived on the mainland and had a warlike culture * mythologized in later Greek literature

SAT II World History (6 decks)

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