[2.1] Basis-Elemental Composition Flashcards
What is the % of elements essential to continue healthy life and reproduction?
20-25%
What are the Macro Elements?
C|H|O|N
Ca|P|K|S|Na|Cl|Mg
What are the elements that accounts for 96.3%
C|H|O|N
What are the trace elements?
B|I
Vn|Zn
Cu|Cr|Co
Se|Si|Sn
Mo|Mn
F|Fe
What are the main elements that accounts for 3.7％?
Ca|P|K|S|Na|Cl|Mg
and
Trace
What are the 2 main importance of water?
1.Vital chemical constituent of living cell
2.Provides a biological medium for all organisms
What are 2 main impotances of water based on?
Chemical Structure of the water molecule
Describe a water molecule.
Inorganic/Polar/Angular/Vital
Explain the term ‘Polarity’.
Uneven Charge distribution within a molecule
What are the charges for O & H?
[-] and [+]
Explain ‘Hydrogen Bonds’
Weak attractions between the slightly polar hydrogen atome of one water molecule and the slightly polar oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule.
What role does Hydrogen Bonds play?
Plays a Major role in maintaining all properties of water.
What is the angle between two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule?
104.5
What are the 4 major properties of water (related to function) to maintain life on earth?
1.Cohesive Behaviour
2.Expansion Upon Freezing
3.Ability to Moderate Temp
4.Versatility as a solvent
Explain ‘Cohesion’ & ‘Adhesion’
- Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
- Attraction between water molecules and other substances
What does Cohesion & Adhesion property result in?
Allows water to act as a transport medium
Example For Cohesion between water molecules
Water & Dissolved substances such as minerals and nutrients transport across vascular tissues,xylem and phloem against gravity
Example For Adhesion between water molecules
Between Water and Cell Wall also helps in conduction of water and dissolved substances.
Example For High Surface Tension of water
Upper surface water molecules are attracted by lower surface water molecules to form a water film.
What are the organisms benefitted by High Surface Tension?
Small Insects - Water Skaters
What can you say about ability to moderate temp. ?
Water can absorb or release a relatively high amount of heat energy by a slight change in its own temp.
What are the functions of water due to high heat of vaporization?
With min. loss of water an organism can release much heat energy
* Body Surface-Remains Cool
* Prevent from Over-Heating
What are the functions of water due to high specific heat?
Water will act as a thermal buffer during temp. fluctuations on earth
What are the advantages of evaporation and transpiration?
- Evaporation of sweat from human skin helps to maintain the human body temp at constant level.
- Transpiration in plants keeps the plant body surface as a cool surface and prevent from becoming too warm in the sunlight
What happens when temperature of water falls below 4°C ?
1. How does it affect density of water?
Begins to freeze and forms a crystalline lattice
* Water has Max. Density at 4c
How does Expansion Upon Freezing become an Important Property Of Water?
In Polar Regions,Organisms in aquatic bodies can survive during winter
How is Versatility given to water ?
Due to Polarity
What does solubility depend on?
Depends on Polarity and NOT Ionic Nature
Give Examples For
1. Polar Molecules
2. Ionic Compounds
3. Polar/Ionic
- Glucose
- NaCl
- Lysozymes
What Molecules the ability to dissolve in water
Both Polar & Ionic
