2.1 atoms and reactions

Question 1

hydrochloric acid

Answer 1

HCl

Question 2

sulphuric acid

Answer 2

H2SO4

Question 3

nitric acid

Answer 3

HNO3

Question 4

ethanoic acid

Answer 4

CH3COOH

Question 5

sodium hydroxide

Answer 5

NaOH

Question 6

potassium hydroxide

Answer 6

KOH

Question 7

ammonia

Answer 7

common base, NH3

Question 8

define the term acid?

Answer 8

release H+ ions in aqueous solutions

Question 9

define the term strong acid?

Answer 9

an acid the dissociates fompletely in solution

Question 10

define the term weak acid

Answer 10

acid that dissociates only partially in solution

Question 11

define the term alkali

Answer 11

a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions (OH-(aq))

Question 12

define the term base

Answer 12

a compound that nuetralises an acid to form a salt

Question 13

define the term neutralisation

Answer 13

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to produce a salt

Question 14

define the term salt

Answer 14

the product of a reaction in which the H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions

Question 15

general formula for neutralisation reaction?

Answer 15

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) > H2O (l)

Question 16

Acid+ metal

Answer 16

salt + h2 (not neutralisation)

Question 17

Acid + base

Answer 17

slat + water

Question 18

acid + metal oxide

Answer 18

salt + water

Question 19

acid + metal hydroxide (alkali)

Answer 19

salt + water

Question 20

acid + metal carbonate

Answer 20

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 21

phosphoric acid

Answer 21

H3PO4

Question 22

4 common alkalis

Answer 22

NaOH, sodium hydroxide
KOH, potassiumm hydroxide
NH3, ammonia
Na2CO3, sodium carbonate

Question 23

4 types of bases?

Answer 23

metal oxide
metal carbonate
metal hydroxide
‘ammonia’

Question 24

why is ammonia counted as a base?

Answer 24

doesn’t actually contain hydroxide ions but when reacts with water RELEASES OH- ions
NH3 + H20 > NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Question 25

what 3 areas must be mentioned when answering a 6 marker?

Answer 25

-method
-safety
-equipment

Question 26

describe the procedure that should be carried out to make a standard solution containing sodium hydroxide? {6}

Answer 26

1. [NaOH] is corrosive so eye protection and gloves should be worn
2. measure out an exact quantity of the solid [NaOH] using a plastic weighing boat and electric balance
3. transfer the solid to a beaker and dissolve it thoroughly in distilled/deionised water, using a stirring rod to mix fully
   4.wash the stirring rod w distilled water into the beaker
4. using a funnel and filling below eye level, make up the volumetric flask to just before the mark
5. use a pipette to add the final few drops of solution so that the bottom of the meniscus lies on the mark
6. put the stopper on the flask and invert it to ensure even mixing (homogenise)

Question 27

main 4 steps to prepare a standard solution?

Answer 27

1 Weigh the solute
2 Dissolve the solute
3 Make up the solution to a known volume.
4 Homogenise