2.1 + 5.1 Minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and water

Question 1

Nitrate (plants)

Answer 1

Synthesis of nitrogen –> synthesis of proteins

Question 2

Magnesium (animals)

Answer 2

Activates enzymes

Question 3

Magnesium (plants)

Answer 3

1. component of chlorophyll
2. activate some enzymes

Question 4

Iron (animals)

Answer 4

1. Component of haemoglobin
2. Activate enzymes

Question 5

Iron (plants)

Answer 5

Activate enzymes

Question 6

Calcium (animals)

Answer 6

1. Component of bones and teeth
2. Needed for processes like
   a. blood clotting
   b. muscle contraction
   c. sending messages in the nervous system

Question 7

Calcium (plants)

Answer 7

Strengthen cell walls

Question 8

Phosphate (animals)

Answer 8

1. Component of bones and teeth
2. Component of phospholipids and nucleic acids

Question 9

Phosphate (plants)

Answer 9

Component of phospholipids and nucleic acids

Question 10

Deficiency: Calcium

Answer 10

1. Rickets (children)
   - soft bones
2. Osteoporosis (elderly)
   - porous and brittle bones

Question 11

Deficiency: Iron

Answer 11

Anaemia (not enough red blood cells)
- faint easily

Question 12

Vitamin A and D (properties)

Answer 12

1. Lipid-soluble
2. Can be stored in large amounts

Question 13

Vitamin C (properties)

Answer 13

1. Water-soluble
2. Cannot be stored in large amounts
3. Lost easily
   
   • Heat
   • Water
   • Oxygen

Question 14

Vitamin A (function)

Answer 14

1. Vision in dim light
2. Cornea, skin, lining of the alimentary canal and breathing system healthy

Question 15

Deficiency: Vitamin A

Answer 15

1. Night blindness
2. Drying up of skin
3. Easy infection of the lining of breathing system

Question 16

Vitamin A (sources)

Answer 16

liver, eggs

Question 17

Vitamin D (function)

Answer 17

Promote the absorption of calcium and phosphate –> keeping bones and teeth strong

Question 18

Deficiency: Vitamin D

Answer 18

rickets & osteoporosis

Question 19

Vitamin D (sources)

Answer 19

1. Produced under sunlight
2. Fatty fish

Question 20

Vitamin C (function)

Answer 20

1. Growth and repair (of connective tissues)
2. Healing wounds
3. Absorption of iron
4. Immune system

Question 21

Deficiency: Vitamin C

Answer 21

1. Scurvy
   
   • Weak and bleeding gums
   • Poor healing of wounds
   • low iron –> anaemia –> faint easily
   • red spots on skin (broken blood vessel)
   • joint pain

Question 22

Vitamin C (sources)

Answer 22

Fresh vegetables

Question 23

Test for Vitamin C

Answer 23

DCPIP test
- Decolourization of the blue DCPIP solution
- the less drops of solution added to DCPIP, the higher conc. of vitamin C (inversely proportional)

Question 24

Dietary fibre (properties)

Answer 24

1. X provide energy
2. X be digested

Question 25

Dietary fibre (functions)

Answer 25

1. Stimulate peristalsis 2. Make feces softer

Question 26

Deficiency: Dietary fibre

Answer 26

1. Constipation 2. Colorectal cancer

Question 27

Dietary fibre (sources)

Answer 27

Plant foods only

Question 28

Water (properties)

Answer 28

No energy value

Question 29

Water (functions)

Answer 29

1. Reactant for some chemical reactions (e.g. hydrolysis of...) 2. Medium of chemical reactions 3. Medium of transport 4. Cooling agent 5. Lubricant 6. Provide support to cells (e.g. turgid plant cells)