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M2 > 2.1 (4Q) > Flashcards

2.1 (4Q) Flashcards

1
Q

What are elements main characteristics?

A

Consists of only one kind of atom
It can not be broken down in total a simpler type of matter
Can exist as atoms or monoculars

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2
Q

What is an atom made up of?

A

Central core and two subatomic particles
Nucleus in the core which is proton and neutron

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3
Q

What is the charge of a proton neutron and electron?

A

Proton is positive
Neutron is neutral
Electron is negative

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4
Q

What is the mass of protons and neutrons?

A

1.67*10^-27

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9.11*10^-31

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6
Q

What is lighter a proton electron or a neutron?

A

Electron

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7
Q

Will atoms with the same number of protons and electrons have a charge?

A

No charge

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8
Q

What is the simpilest form of an atom?

A

Hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 electron

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9
Q

What is the second simplest atom?

A

Helium witch is 2 protons and 2 neutrons and 2 electrons

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10
Q

Where are electrons?

A

In the shell

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11
Q

What does the number of shells depend on?

A

The number of electrons in the atom

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12
Q

What is the formula for the number of shells?

A

2N^2

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13
Q

What is the valance orbit?

A

The most outer orbit
(Shell)

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14
Q

Electrons in the valance orbit are know as what?

A

Glance electrons

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15
Q

What is the most stable?

A

An atom

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16
Q

In a valance orbit with out a full outer shell do they carry extra electrons?

A

Yes they easily accept and carry the moving electrons

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17
Q

Insulator’s tend to have what?

A

More than half full outer shell

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18
Q

Semiconductor materials have what?

A

Have a half filled valency orbit

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19
Q

Semiconductor materials have what?

A

Have a half filled valency orbit

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20
Q

Most elements can exist in what?

A

Number of different forms or variations

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21
Q

What is the upper most number?

A

Proton

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22
Q

Atoms have various isotopes depending on what?

A

Number of neutrons in the nucleus

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23
Q

What is the lower number?

A

Atomic mass or mass number

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24
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

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25
Q

The information about an element is in what order?

A

Atomic number
Symbol
Name
Atomic mass
Electrons per shell

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26
Q

What can atoms and monocles carry?

A

An electric charge

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27
Q

What is an ion?

A

A monocle with positive or negative charge

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28
Q

What is ionisation?

A

When an atom loses or gains and electron

29
Q

What must a neutral atom or module do to become a negative ion or positive ion?

A

To become positive must gain an electron
To become negative must lose an electron

30
Q

What is a monocle?

A

It is a structure containing two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

31
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond between two non metals

32
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Occurs when atoms transfer or when more electrons go to another atom
Between metal and a non metal

33
Q

In an ionic bond the atom losing electrons forms a what?

A

A positive charge and is usually a metallic element

34
Q

In an ionic bond the bond the atom gaining electrons forms what?

A

a negative ion and is usually a non metallic element

35
Q

What is a chemical compound?

A

It is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements joined together by chemical reaction

36
Q

Are atoms easy or difficult to sperate?

A

Difficult to separate

37
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of at least two substances that are chemically linked and can be separated by physical means

38
Q

What groups do mixtures fall into?

A

Solutions (salt water)
Suspentions (sand in water)
Colloids (could, Milk)

39
Q

Density is a measure of what?

A

Amount of mass per unit volume

40
Q

What is density measured in?

A

Measured in kilograms per cubic meter or gram per cubic centimetre

41
Q

What are solids?

A

Particles packed together in a neat order and structure

42
Q

What happens to a solid when thermal energy increases?

A

Particles move vigorously due to an increase in kinetic energy and temperature is observed

43
Q

What is the arrangement and behaviour of solids?

A

Strong forces of attraction between partials
Partials in a regular arrangement
Particles are close together and vibrate about a fixed position

44
Q

Properties of solids?

A

Has a definitive shape and volume
Has a fixed surface
Usually has a high density
Can not be easily be compressed
Expands on little heating

45
Q

Describe liquids?

A

Held together but have no fixed position
Arranged randomally
Particles move rapidly in all directions
Collide more frequently than gasses
As temp increase particles move faster from kinetic energy

46
Q

Describe the arrangement and behaviour of liquids?

A

Week forces of attraction
Random arrangement of particles
Particles move freaky but are close together

47
Q

What are the properties of liquids?

A

Takes shape of container
Has definitive volume
Has a surface
High density
Can not be easily compressed
Expands on heating

48
Q

Describe a gas?

A

Scattered particles
No order
Move in all directions
High temp = high kinetic energy

49
Q

Describe a gas?

A

Scattered particles
No order
Move in all directions
High temp = high kinetic energy

50
Q

Particles arrangement of a gas?

A

Has no definitive shape or volume
Has no surface
Very low density
Can be easily compressed
Expands greatly on heating

51
Q

What is the state change of a liquid to a gas?

A

Evaporation

52
Q

Explain evaporation?

A

Opposite to condensation
Is a spontaneous transition
Takes place at a slower speed between melting and boiling point

53
Q

Explain evaporation?

A

Opposite to condensation
Is a spontaneous transition
Takes place at a slower speed between melting and boiling point

54
Q

What reaction is boiling?

A

Liquid to a gas

55
Q

Describe boiling?

A

Rapid evaporation at fixed temp
Needs continuous addition of heat

56
Q

During evaporation what do monocles need?

A

Need highest kinetic energy can escape from the attractive forces on other liquid particles

57
Q

What reaction is condensation?

A

Gas to liquid

58
Q

Describe condensation?

A

Inverse of evaporation
On cooling particles lose energy
Particles move closer together
Requires heat to be lost to souroundings

59
Q

What reaction is melting?

A

Solid to liquid

60
Q

Describe melting?

A

Solid heated particles vibrate and attractive forces are overcome
At melting point forces are to week to hold the structure

61
Q

What reaction is freezing?

A

Liquid to gas

62
Q

Describe freezing?

A

On cooling kinetic energy is lost so can not over come the attractive forces
At freezing point forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom so become a solid

63
Q

What is the only liquid that does not freeze?

A

Helium

64
Q

What reaction is sublimation?

A

Solid to gas

65
Q

Describe sublimation?

A

No liquid phase
Does not account for atmospheric pressure

66
Q

What reaction is deposition?

A

Gas to solid

67
Q

Describe deposition?

A

No liquid phase

68
Q

What is endothermic and exothermic?

A

Endothermic - takes in energy
Exothermic - gives out energy

69
Q

How are atoms identified?

A

By the number of protons in the nucleus

M2 (3 decks)

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