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M2 > 2.1 (4Q) > Flashcards

2.1 (4Q) Flashcards

1
Q

What are elements main characteristics?

A

Consists of only one kind of atom
It can not be broken down in total a simpler type of matter
Can exist as atoms or monoculars

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2
Q

What is an atom made up of?

A

Central core and two subatomic particles
Nucleus in the core which is proton and neutron

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3
Q

What is the charge of a proton neutron and electron?

A

Proton is positive
Neutron is neutral
Electron is negative

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4
Q

What is the mass of protons and neutrons?

A

1.67*10^-27

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5
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9.11*10^-31

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6
Q

What is lighter a proton electron or a neutron?

A

Electron

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7
Q

Will atoms with the same number of protons and electrons have a charge?

A

No charge

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8
Q

What is the simpilest form of an atom?

A

Hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 electron

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9
Q

What is the second simplest atom?

A

Helium witch is 2 protons and 2 neutrons and 2 electrons

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10
Q

Where are electrons?

A

In the shell

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11
Q

What does the number of shells depend on?

A

The number of electrons in the atom

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12
Q

What is the formula for the number of shells?

A

2N^2

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13
Q

What is the valance orbit?

A

The most outer orbit
(Shell)

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14
Q

Electrons in the valance orbit are know as what?

A

Glance electrons

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15
Q

What is the most stable?

A

An atom

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16
Q

In a valance orbit with out a full outer shell do they carry extra electrons?

A

Yes they easily accept and carry the moving electrons

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17
Q

Insulator’s tend to have what?

A

More than half full outer shell

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18
Q

Semiconductor materials have what?

A

Have a half filled valency orbit

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19
Q

Semiconductor materials have what?

A

Have a half filled valency orbit

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20
Q

Most elements can exist in what?

A

Number of different forms or variations

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21
Q

What is the upper most number?

A

Proton

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22
Q

Atoms have various isotopes depending on what?

A

Number of neutrons in the nucleus

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23
Q

What is the lower number?

A

Atomic mass or mass number

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24
Q

What is the mass number?

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

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25
The information about an element is in what order?
Atomic number Symbol Name Atomic mass Electrons per shell
26
What can atoms and monocles carry?
An electric charge
27
What is an ion?
A monocle with positive or negative charge
28
What is ionisation?
When an atom loses or gains and electron
29
What must a neutral atom or module do to become a negative ion or positive ion?
To become positive must gain an electron To become negative must lose an electron
30
What is a monocle?
It is a structure containing two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
31
What is a covalent bond?
A bond between two non metals
32
What is an ionic bond?
Occurs when atoms transfer or when more electrons go to another atom Between metal and a non metal
33
In an ionic bond the atom losing electrons forms a what?
A positive charge and is usually a metallic element
34
In an ionic bond the bond the atom gaining electrons forms what?
a negative ion and is usually a non metallic element
35
What is a chemical compound?
It is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements joined together by chemical reaction
36
Are atoms easy or difficult to sperate?
Difficult to separate
37
What is a mixture?
A combination of at least two substances that are chemically linked and can be separated by physical means
38
What groups do mixtures fall into?
Solutions (salt water) Suspentions (sand in water) Colloids (could, Milk)
39
Density is a measure of what?
Amount of mass per unit volume
40
What is density measured in?
Measured in kilograms per cubic meter or gram per cubic centimetre
41
What are solids?
Particles packed together in a neat order and structure
42
What happens to a solid when thermal energy increases?
Particles move vigorously due to an increase in kinetic energy and temperature is observed
43
What is the arrangement and behaviour of solids?
Strong forces of attraction between partials Partials in a regular arrangement Particles are close together and vibrate about a fixed position
44
Properties of solids?
Has a definitive shape and volume Has a fixed surface Usually has a high density Can not be easily be compressed Expands on little heating
45
Describe liquids?
Held together but have no fixed position Arranged randomally Particles move rapidly in all directions Collide more frequently than gasses As temp increase particles move faster from kinetic energy
46
Describe the arrangement and behaviour of liquids?
Week forces of attraction Random arrangement of particles Particles move freaky but are close together
47
What are the properties of liquids?
Takes shape of container Has definitive volume Has a surface High density Can not be easily compressed Expands on heating
48
Describe a gas?
Scattered particles No order Move in all directions High temp = high kinetic energy
49
Describe a gas?
Scattered particles No order Move in all directions High temp = high kinetic energy
50
Particles arrangement of a gas?
Has no definitive shape or volume Has no surface Very low density Can be easily compressed Expands greatly on heating
51
What is the state change of a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
52
Explain evaporation?
Opposite to condensation Is a spontaneous transition Takes place at a slower speed between melting and boiling point
53
Explain evaporation?
Opposite to condensation Is a spontaneous transition Takes place at a slower speed between melting and boiling point
54
What reaction is boiling?
Liquid to a gas
55
Describe boiling?
Rapid evaporation at fixed temp Needs continuous addition of heat
56
During evaporation what do monocles need?
Need highest kinetic energy can escape from the attractive forces on other liquid particles
57
What reaction is condensation?
Gas to liquid
58
Describe condensation?
Inverse of evaporation On cooling particles lose energy Particles move closer together Requires heat to be lost to souroundings
59
What reaction is melting?
Solid to liquid
60
Describe melting?
Solid heated particles vibrate and attractive forces are overcome At melting point forces are to week to hold the structure
61
What reaction is freezing?
Liquid to gas
62
Describe freezing?
On cooling kinetic energy is lost so can not over come the attractive forces At freezing point forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom so become a solid
63
What is the only liquid that does not freeze?
Helium
64
What reaction is sublimation?
Solid to gas
65
Describe sublimation?
No liquid phase Does not account for atmospheric pressure
66
What reaction is deposition?
Gas to solid
67
Describe deposition?
No liquid phase
68
What is endothermic and exothermic?
Endothermic - takes in energy Exothermic - gives out energy
69
How are atoms identified?
By the number of protons in the nucleus

M2 (3 decks)

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