2.1 - 2.9 Ecosystem processes

Question 1

Plants and algae are called

Answer 1

consumers

Question 2

say three differences between plants and algae

Answer 2

• they can be unicellular and multicellular organisms
• they live underwater whereas more plants live on land
• algae do not have leave stems or even roots

Question 3

animals are called

Answer 3

consumers because they eat other organisms

Question 4

photosynthesis chemical reaction is

Answer 4

carbon dioxide + water —— glucose + oxgen

Question 5

leaves and stems are green because they contain

Answer 5

chlorophyll

Question 6

water diffuses into the plant first through the root hair cell then it is transported around the plant through tubes called

Answer 6

xylem tube

Question 7

most leaves

• are green:
• are thin
• have a large surface area
• have veins

Answer 7

Are green: they contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight
Are thin: allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
Have a large surface area to absorb as much sunlight as possible
Have veins: these contain xylem tubes which transport water and phloem tubes which absorbs glucose

Question 8

underneath a green leaf is lighter than the top. why

Answer 8

chloroplasts although the top of a leaf is darker\more green because it contains more chlorophyll where it absorbs the most sunlight

Question 9

the top is waxier whereas the bottom is drier. why?

Answer 9

The top of a leaf is waxy, the waxy layer reduces the amount of water evaporating out of a leaf. this is because the sun hits the top of the leaf making it easier for the water to evaporate

Question 10

what is stomata function

Answer 10

to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out

Question 11

the leaf divided into two main layers
Palisade layer-
Spongy layer-

Answer 11

Palisade layer- it is packed with chlorophyll it is where most of the photosynthesis happens
Spongy layer- contains air spaces allowing carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf.

Question 12

what do each of these do to a leaf
Nitrates: 
Phosphates: 
Potassium:
Magnesium:

Answer 12

Nitrates: for health growth
Phosphates: for healthy roots
Potassium: for healthy leaves and flowers
Magnesium: for making chlorophyll

Question 13

Nitrate deficiency:
Magnesium deficiency :
Phosphorus deficiency:
Potassium deficiency:

Answer 13

Nitrate deficiency:
.plants will have poor growth and older leaves are yellow

Magnesium deficiency :
Plants will turn yellow, The chlorophyll molecule makes plants green because it contains magnesium.

Phosphorus deficiency:
Plants will have poor root growth and younger leaves look yellow

Potassium deficiency:
Has yellow leaves with dead patches

Question 14

to prevent future crops suffering from a mineral deficiency, farmers add chemicals to the soil to replace missing minerals the chemical are called

Answer 14

fertilizers

Question 15

chemosynthesis

Answer 15

is reaction performed by bacteria using energy transferred from chemical reactions to produce glucose

Question 16

chemo doesn’t have a word equation because it depends on the chemical involved, chemical reaction:

Answer 16

use chemicals as their source of energy
Often use carbon dioxide as a reactant
have glucose as a product

Question 17

bacteria that perform chemosynthesis are called

Answer 17

chemosynthetic

Question 18

now its time to read page 7

Answer 18

understood

Question 19

to transport energy around stored in food glucose reacts with oxygen in a chemical reaction called

Answer 19

aerobic respiration

Question 20

the word equation for aerobic respiration is

Answer 20

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water(+energy)

Question 21

respiration happens inside tiny cells called

Answer 21

mitochondria. All cells contain mitochondria but certain amounts. For example, muscle cells contain a lot of mitochondria

Question 22

glucose is dissolved in the liquid part of your blood cell called

Answer 22

plasma, the dissolved glucose can diffuse into the cell that’s needed for respiration.

Question 23

oxygen is carried by the

Answer 23

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin ( which makes them red). It gets carried around the body until it reaches a cell that needs oxygen, then it diffuses into it.
Read page 8

Question 24

respiration is a chemical reaction that takes place without oxygen. Glucose is converted into lactic acid and energy is released.

Answer 24

Anaerobic

Question 25

word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 25

Glucose = lactic acid(+energy)

Question 26

two reasons why the body respires aerobically

Answer 26

aerobic respiration transfers more energy.

. the lactic acid can cause cramps in your muscle

Question 27

oxygen debt

Answer 27

a temporary oxygen shortage in the body tissues arising from the exercise.

Question 28

anaerobic respiration some times produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid, this process is called fermentation the word equation is :

Answer 28

Glucose = ethanol carbon dioxide(+energy)

Question 29

food chain types of animals are:

Answer 29

organisms - they get their energy from the sun
herbivore - an animal that only eats plants
carnivore - an animal that only eats other animals

Question 30

what a prey and predator

Answer 30

predator is the one eating the prey

Question 31

what does interdependence and how can it affect a population

Answer 31

interdependence is the way in which living organisms depend on each other to survive, for example, a fox depends on a rabbit to survive if the population of a rabbit decrease then the number of foxes would decrease too, this is bioaccumulation

Question 32

whats a niche

Answer 32

a niche is a particular place or role that an organism has within an ecosystem.