2.1-2.4 vocabulary

Question 1

What is the number of amino acid sequences in an unknown number of amino acids?

Answer 1

20^n
n=number of amino acids

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

A diverse group of carbon compounds that share the property of being insoluble in water.

Question 3

Cohesion

Answer 3

Cohesion refers to the binding together of two molecules of the same
type, for instance two water molecules.

Question 4

Cation

Answer 4

positively charged ion

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

single sugar units (carbohydrate), can be linked together to make larger units
ex: glucose

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

Two monsaccharieds linked together
ex: maltose is made of two glucose molecules

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

negatively charged ion

Question 8

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 8

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids by linking together amino acids by condensation reactions. Main component of proteins. The amino acids in the polypeptide are linked through a bond called a peptide bond.

Question 9

How are triglycerides related to lipids?

Answer 9

Triglycerides are one of the principal groups of lipid.
EX: sunflower seed oil

Question 10

How Many amino acid sequences can living organisms produce?
1. A small fraction of the potential
2. A large fraction of the potential
3. All of the potential

Answer 10

1. A small fraction of the potential

Question 11

Triglyceride Composition

Answer 11

Three fatty acids with one glycerol, linked by a condensation reaction

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

Many monosaccharides linked together
ex: starch

Question 13

JMol

Answer 13

The most widely used molecular visualization software; its also free of charge

Question 14

Condensation reactions

Answer 14

A reaction in which two molecules combine, eliminating a water or other simple molecule.

Question 15

How many gene bases are needed per amino acid?

Answer 15

Three

Question 16

Covalent Bonds

Answer 16

electrons shared between 2 atoms

Question 17

Describe Hydroxyl and state it’s chemical formula

Answer 17

Hydroxyl is a molecule composed of a Hydrogen bonded with an Oxygen. The formula is OH

Question 18

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 18

A peptide bond bonds two amino acids within a polypeptide is formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group on one amino and the amine group on another. This bond produces H2O.

Question 19

What is the purpose of triglycerides?

Answer 19

They are energy stores. This energy can be released by aerobic cell respiration.

Question 20

Describe Amine and state it’s chemical formula

Answer 20

Amine is a Nitrogen bonded with two hydrogens one on each side. The formula is NH2

Question 21

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 21

all carbons saturated with hydrogens, no double bonds between carbons

Question 22

What is the purpose of lipids?

Answer 22

Lipids are used for long-term energy storage, as the release lots of energy during cell respiration.

Question 23

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 23

Force of attraction between the hydrogen atom , the hydrogen bond is covalent

Question 24

Ionic bonds

Answer 24

attraction between cation and anion (no sharing)

Question 25

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 25

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds

Question 26

Amino acid

Answer 26

central carbon bonded to hydrogen, carboxyl group, amine group, R group

Question 27

Collagen

Answer 27

The main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments

Question 28

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 28

an attraction between 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 29

Condensation Reaction

Answer 29

Binding through one molecule losing -OH and another losing -H to form H2O, yields water, requires ATP, anabolic process, bonds monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccarides

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

All of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in an organism; sum of catabolism and anabolism

Question 31

cis-fatty acids

Answer 31

unsaturated fatty acids where the hydrogen atoms are nearly always on the same side of the two carbon atoms that are double bonded

Question 32

Anabolism

Answer 32

Making more complex molecules through condensation reactions

Question 33

Catabolism

Answer 33

breakdown of complex molecules through hydrolysis

Question 34

Hemoglobin

Answer 34

A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group

Question 35

What are amino acids?

Answer 35

An amino acid is characterized by a carbon atom
in the center of the molecule; which is bonded to an amine group, a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom. The carbon atom is also bonded to an R group, which is different in each amino acid. There are twenty different amino acids used by living organism, and the R group is what creates each unique amino acid.

Question 36

Structure of Glucose

Answer 36

Glucose has 5 -OH groups, with the most common link in polysaccharides being between the -OH group on carbon atom 1 and the -OH group on carbon atom 4. In alpha glucose, the -OH group on carbon atom 1 points DOWNWARDS while in beta-glucose it points UPWARDS.

Question 37

How are monosaccharides linked to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 37

Condensation reactions

Question 38

The reaction linking monosaccharides to form polysaccharides is a ____ process

Answer 38

anabolic

Question 39

Describe carboxyl and state it’s chemical formula

Answer 39

Carboxyl is a central Carbon double bonded with an Oxygen and a hrydoxyl. The formula is COOH