2.1-2.4 vocabulary

Question 1

______ are more suitable for long term energy storage than _______

Answer 1

Lipids, Carbohydrates

Question 2

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 2

Specialized groups of cells that store lipids/fats. They are located underneath the skin and around organs

Question 3

BMI equation

Answer 3

BMI=Mass(Kg) divided by Height(M)

Question 4

Underweight

Answer 4

below 18.5

Question 5

normal weight

Answer 5

18.5-24.9

Question 6

over weight

Answer 6

25.0-29.9

Question 7

Obese

Answer 7

above 30.0

Question 8

The amount of energy released in cell respiration per gram of lipids is ______ the amount released by a gram of carbohydrates

Answer 8

Double

Question 9

What is the structure of a fatty acid?

Answer 9

Chain of carbon with hydrogen atoms linked to them with covalent bond, a carboxyl group

Question 10

Two other functions of lipids (besides energy storage) include…

Answer 10

Insulation and shock absorption

Question 11

_______ is the carbohydrate used for energy storage.

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

Why are carbohydrates (such as glycogen) better for short term energy storage?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates can be mobilized and broken down much faster than lipids

Question 13

What does conditions can obesity cause?

Answer 13

Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes.

Question 14

Fats and fatty acids can only be used in ______ respiration

Answer 14

Aerobic

Question 15

Glycogen is stored in ____ and _____

Answer 15

Liver, muscles

Question 16

A fatty acid with only single bonds throughout the fatty acid that contain the most hydrogen is called_______.

Answer 16

Saturated fatty acid.

Question 17

There is strong evidence for ________ bonds but it remains theory

Answer 17

Hydrogen

Question 18

This is the term for chemical substances attracted to water

Answer 18

Hydrophilic

Question 19

What property of water is used when we sweat.

Answer 19

High evaporation heat of water

Question 20

What is the chemical formation of hydroxl?

Answer 20

-OH

Question 21

What is the chemical formation of amine?

Answer 21

-NH2

Question 22

What is the chemical formation of carboxyl?

Answer 22

-COOH

Question 23

What is the chemical formation of methyl?

Answer 23

-CH3

Question 24

Ribose is

Answer 24

A type of sugar or monosaccharide with 5 carbons, 10 hydrogen and 5 oxygen

Question 25

Glucose is

Answer 25

A type of sugar or monosaccharide with 6 carbons, 13 hydrogen and 6 oxygen

Question 26

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 26

A chain of CH2, singularly bonded by the carbons, with a carboxyl group at the end

Question 27

Amino Acids

Answer 27

A carbon atom bonded to: an amine group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

the web of all the enzyme catalysed reactions in a cell or organism

Question 29

Anabolism

Answer 29

synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules ex: the formation of macromolecules from monomers in condensation reactions

Question 30

Catabolism

Answer 30

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.

Question 31

Is water polar or nonpolar?

Answer 31

Polar

Question 32

What type of bond is between other water molecules?

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds

Question 33

Are the oxygen molecules in water slightly positive or negative?

Answer 33

Negative

Question 34

Are the hydrogen molecules in water slightly positive or negative?

Answer 34

Positive