2.1-2.4 vocabulary

Question 1

monosaccharides

Answer 1

single sugar units

Question 2

disaccharides

Answer 2

two monosaccharides linked together

Question 3

Amylose

Answer 3

The crystallizable form of starch, consisting of long, unbranched chains.

Question 4

polysaccharides

Answer 4

many monosaccharides linked together

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

A stored form of glucose made up of any connected glucose molecules, the body’s main source of energy.

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.

Question 8

triglycerides

Answer 8

made by combining three fatty acids with one glycerol. used as energy stores and heat insulators.

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.

Question 10

Protein Confirmation

Answer 10

The protein’s 3D dimensional shape

Question 11

Triglycerides

Answer 11

Formed by condensation from 3 fatty acids and one glycerol, main constituents of natural fats and oils.

Question 12

Do carbon atoms form a branched or unbranched chain?

Answer 12

Carbon atoms form a unbranched chain.

Question 13

Properties of Water

Answer 13

Cohesion, Adhesion, Thermal, and Solvent

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

the bonding together of two molecules of the same type

Question 15

Adhesion

Answer 15

Bonds forming between water and other polar molecules

Question 16

How many hydrogen atoms do carbon atoms bond to?

Answer 16

All other carbon atoms are bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Question 17

Thermal properties

Answer 17

High specific heat capacity, high latent heat of vaporization, high boiling point

Question 18

Globular proteins

Answer 18

Proteins where polypeptides gradually fold up as they are made,
to develop the final conformation (often includes parts that are helical or sheet-like)

Question 19

What 4 things is a carbon atom in the centre of the of the molecule?

Answer 19

An amine group, a Carboxyl group, a Hydrogen atom, and the R group.

Question 20

Denaturation

Answer 20

A change to the conformation of a protein due to the bonds or interactions between R groups of amino acids that are relatively weak and can be disrupted or broken

Question 21

Adipose Tissue

Answer 21

Specialized group of cells immediately under the skin and around some organs (body fat).

Question 22

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 22

A fatty acid with single bonds between all of its carbon atoms therefore contains as much hydrogen as it possibly could

Question 23

Proteins contain Sulfur, what does not carry sulfur?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates and lipids

Question 24

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 24

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds and contain less hydrogen than they possible could

Question 25

Monounsaturated

Answer 25

One double bond in a fatty acid

Question 26

Polyunsaturated

Answer 26

When a fatty acid has more than one double bond

Question 27

Do Lipids contain more or less Oxygen than Carbohydrates?

Answer 27

Lipids contain relatively less oxygen than catrbohydrates.

Question 28

Catalysis

Answer 28

Thousands of different enzymes are used to catalyse specific chemical reactions within the cell or outside it.

Question 29

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 29

mass in kilograms (kg) / height in meters (m)^2 Used to assess if a person's body mass is healthy or too high or low

Question 30

Muscle contraction

Answer 30

Actin and myosin together cause the muscle contractions used in locomotion and transport around the body.

Question 31

Cytoskeletons

Answer 31

Gives animal's cells their shape and pull on chromosomes during mitosis.

Question 32

Synthesis

Question 33

Cis-Fatty Acid

Answer 33

In unsaturated fatty acids, the hydrogen atoms are nearly always on the same side of the two carbon atoms that are double bonded

Question 34

Trans-Fatty Acids

Answer 34

In unsaturated fatty acids, the hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of the double bonded carbon atoms

Question 35

Tensile strengthening

Answer 35

fibrous proteins give tensile strength needed in skin, tendons, ligaments and blood vessel walls

Question 36

Nomogram

Answer 36

Diagram used to find BMI; Body mass=left line; Body mass index=middle line; height=right line

Question 37

Blood clotting

Answer 37

Plasma proteins act as clotting factors that cause blood to turn from a liquid to a gel in wounds

Question 38

Transport of nutrients and gases

Answer 38

Proteins in blood help transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, iron and lipids.

Question 39

Cell adhesion

Answer 39

Membrane proteins cause adjacent animal cells to stick to each other within tissues.

Question 40

Membrane transport

Answer 40

Used for facilitated diffusion and active transport, and also for electron transport during cell respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 41

Hormones

Answer 41

some such as insulin, FSH and LH are proteins, but hormones are chemically very diverse.

Question 42

Receptors

Answer 42

binding sites in membranes and cytoplasm for hormones, neurotransmitters, tastes and smells, and also receptors for light in the eye and in plants

Question 43

Packing of DNA

Answer 43

histones are associated with DNA in eukaryotes and help chromosomes to condense during mitosis

Question 44

Immunity

Answer 44

this is the most diverse group of proteins, as cells can make huge numbers of different antibodies

Question 45

vitalism

Answer 45

the theory that all living things could only be made because of a vital principle

Question 46

Role of Enzymes in Metabolism

Answer 46

To act as a catalyst in a chemical reaction. These reactions sum up to one's metabolism.