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HBS > 2.1&2.2 > Flashcards

2.1&2.2 Flashcards

0
Q

Brain stem

A

Contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Location: under occipital lobe

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1
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism

Found: diencephalon under thalamus

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2
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Produces hormones

Location: under hypothalamus

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3
Q

Limbus system

A

Hypothalamus, epithalamus, thalamus

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4
Q

Thalamus

A

Surrounds 3rd ventricle

Relay sensory impulses

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5
Q

Epithalamus

A

Houses pineal body, produces cerebral spinal fluid, regulate day and night cycles

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6
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Lowest part of brain stem, merges into spinal cord

Hear rate control, BP regulation, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

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7
Q

Pons

A

Fiber tracts

CONTROLS BREATHING

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8
Q

Midbrain

A

Reflex centers for vision and hearing

How your eyes dilate

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Under occipital lobe

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10
Q

Broca’s area

A

In charge of speech production

Location: cortex of frontal lobe

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11
Q

Motor cortex

A

Deal with movement, located in frontal lobe

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12
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Receiving and interpreting sensory u formation, located in parietal lobe

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Front of brain

Muscle coordination, smell, thinking

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Taste, between frontal and occipital

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15
Q

Occipital

A

Sight, pain, located in back of brain

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16
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, long term memory, on side of brain

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance under occipital
Posture make sure things are on course
Affected when on alcohol

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18
Q

Brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons

Touch and temperature

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19
Q

Limbic system

A

Walking, BP regulation, hunger, thirst, sleep

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20
Q

Explain the difference between sensory and motor areas of cerebral cortex and location

A

Sensory have sensory neurons-parietal

Motor have motor neurons-frontal

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21
Q

Difference between gyri, sulci, and fissures

A

Gyri-ridges
Sulci-grooves
Fissures-very deep grooves

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22
Q

What is the difference between pns and cns

A

Cns- spinal cord and brain

Pns-sensory and motor neurons

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23
Q

Astrocytes

A

Only in CNS
Monitors what is going in and out of neuron
Star shaped
Controls chem environment of brain

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24
Q

Microglia

A

Only in CNS
“Janitors”
Dispose of debris

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25
Q

Ependymal

A

Only in CNS
Line cavities of brain and spinal cord
Cilia assist with circulation of cerebral spinal fluid

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26
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A 
Only in CNS 
WRAP AROUND AXONS
PRODUCE MYLEIN SHEATHS
CNS
CNS
CNS
CNS ONLY
SOLID, NO NODES OF RANVIER
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27
Q

Schwann cells

A

Only in PNS

form myelin sheath in PNS

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28
Q

Satellite cells

A

Only in PNS
“Helmet”
Protect neuron cell bodies

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29
Q

Axon

A

Conduct impulses away from cell body

End in axon terminals

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30
Q

Axon terminal

A

Signal ends and is passed to the next neuron

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31
Q

Dendrite

A

Receive electrical messages toward cell body

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32
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Spaces in the myelin sheath on the axon

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33
Q

Schwann cell

A

Only in PNS form myelin sheath

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34
Q

Cell body

A

Produces all proteins for dendrites

35
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Released at end of nerve fiber, goes across synapse, transfers impulse

36
Q

Depolarization

A

Cell becomes bothered, cell now permeable to sodium to flow inside

37
Q

Repolarization

A

Reaction counteracted when K+ channels open and bring sodium levels down to get back to homeostasis

38
Q

Action potential

A

Movement of ions initiates action potential due to stimulus

39
Q

Francisco Donders

A

The harder the task is, the more synapses out brain uses, therefore it takes longer to complete

40
Q

What is reaction time?

A

How quickly an organism responds to a stimulus

41
Q

Monosynaptic vs. Polysynaptic

A

Mono-one synapse, involuntary (reflexes in the knee)

Poly-more than one synapse, voluntary actions

42
Q

What is a reflex?

A

Does not require thought, involuntary

43
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

Direct route from sensory neuron to interneuron to an effector

44
Q

INTERNEURON IS LOCATED WHERE

A

SPINAL CORD!

45
Q

Somatic reflexes

A

Activation of skeletal muscles

Moving your hand from a hot stove

46
Q

Autonomic reflexes

A

Smooth muscle regulation
Heart and BP regulation
Secrete hormones
Digestive system regulation

47
Q

How is patellar reflex processed

A

Stimulate sensory neurons synapses in spinal cord to motor neuron to muscle, resulting in swing

48
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Plaque buildup in brain, memory loss

49
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Affects myelin sheath autosomal disorder

50
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizures

51
Q

ALS

A

Degenerative disease, slowly retards motor neurons/cortex

52
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Tremors, lack of dopamine producing cells

53
Q

Huntington’s

A

Lose brain cells, SEVERE tremors

54
Q

Fiction of nervous system

A

Gathering information

Monitor changes occurring outside of body

55
Q

Regions of brain

A

Cerebral hemispheres(cerebrum)
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

56
Q

Primary somatic sensory area

A

Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors

Pain, temp., pressure

57
Q

Primary motor area

A

Send impulses to skeletal muscles

Frontal lobe

58
Q

Gustatory area

A

Taste

Temporal

59
Q

Visual area

A

Occipital

60
Q

Auditory area

A

Temporal

61
Q

Olfactory area

A

(Smell) temporal

62
Q

Gray matter vs. white matter

A

Gray: outer layer, not myelin sheathed
White: myelin sheath
Corpus collosum connects hemispheres

63
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Islands of grey matter buried within white matter

64
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Secretes hormones
Roof of hypothalamus is thalamus
ATTACHED TO HYPOTHALAMUS

65
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Under thalamus
Regulate emotion body temp metabolism
SPIKE TEMP TO KILL DISEASE=FEVER

66
Q

Epithalamus

A

Roof of third ventricle
Cerebral spinal fluid
Melatonin-regulate day/night cycles

67
Q

Brain stem is made of…….?

A

FIBER TRACTS

68
Q

Reticular formation

A

Diffuse mass of gray matter along brain stem

Involved in getting heart/lungs to pump

69
Q

Sensory input

A

Gathering information to monitor changes occurring in and out of body

70
Q

Integration

A

To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

71
Q

Motor output

A

Response to stimuli

Activated glands

72
Q

PNS

A

Nerves extending from beak and spinal cord

Functions: serves as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and the glands or muscles

73
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Carry impulses to and from spinal cord

74
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Carry impulses to and from the brain

75
Q

Sensory (afferent) division

A

Nerve fibers that carry info to CNS

76
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from CNS

77
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary, consciously control muscles

78
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Involuntary

Co tells smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

79
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Gap between adjacent neurons

80
Q

GREY

A

Cell body, outside=ganglia

81
Q

WHITE

A

Myelin sheath, PNS NODES OF RANV

82
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of nerve fibers in CNS

83
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of nerves in PNS

84
Q

Interneuron a

A

Found in neural pathways in CNS
Connect sensory and motor neurons
Most all are multipolar

HBS (1 decks)

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