2.1 2.2 2.3 book 2 vocab

Question 1

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Answer 1

diffusion

Question 2

the diffusion of water trough a semipermeable

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Answer 3

passive transpot

Question 4

the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Answer 5

endocytosis

Question 6

the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out

Answer 6

exocytosis

Question 7

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Answer 8

cellar respiration

Question 9

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

The life cycle of a cell

Answer 10

cell cycle

Question 11

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Answer 11

chromosome

Question 12

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes

Question 13

in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes

Answer 13

mitosis

Question 14

the division of the cytoplasm in a cell

Answer 14

cytokineses