AC 2.1

Question 1

Types of social control

Answer 1

Internal -personalities, values
External - education, family

Question 2

Examples of internal social control

Answer 2

-Freudian Theory
-Tradition/Culture
-Socialisation
-Internalisation

Question 3

Freudian Theory

Answer 3

suggests human behaviour is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts and urges.
Id: instincts
Ego: reality
Superego: morality

Question 4

Tradition and Culture

Answer 4

relies mostly on informal social control embedded in its customary to socialise its members.

we accept our cultures values, norms and traditions as a part of our personality.

conforming is important in affirming ones identity and being accepted as a member of community.

Question 5

Socialisation

Answer 5

the process of internalising the norms and ideals of society.

learn socialisation through four main agents which make up our socialisation:
-family
-schools
-peers
-mass media

Question 6

Internalisation through…

Answer 6

Rational Ideology

Question 7

rational ideology

Answer 7

people freely choose their behaviour and are motivated by the avoidance of pain and pursuit of pleasure.

assumes crime is personal choice, the result of individual decision making processes.

Question 8

Types of internalisation and example

Answer 8

internalise all factors impacting on us to come up with our own idea of what is right or wrong

-family rules
-culture
-traditions
-parent values

Example: views on abortion could be impacted by religion

Question 9

Types of external social control

Answer 9

Criminal Justice System
Coercion
Fear of Punishment
Control Theory

Question 10

Agencies of external social control

Answer 10

controls over our behaviour through social agencies
-peers
-family
-school

Question 11

Rewards and Punishments

Answer 11

rewards: those who conform
punishments: those who don’t conform

Question 12

Rewards and Punishments: Family

Answer 12

R: treat, toy
P: naughty step

Question 13

Rewards and Punishment: Peers

Answer 13

R: inclusion, want to be friends
P: exclusion, not invited

Question 14

Rewards and Punishments: School

Answer 14

R: positive points, skip dinner queue
P: detention, isolation

Question 15

The Criminal Justice System

Answer 15

Rewards and punishments are mirrored throughout

Question 16

The Police R&P

Answer 16

enforce laws, stop and search, arrest, detention, question

Question 17

CPS R&P

Answer 17

prosecute based on charge given

Question 18

Judges & Magistrates R&P

Answer 18

sentencing, 1/3 off if telling truth, life sentence, worst crimes in society reflected in sentence, summary offences = community service, fine

Question 19

Prison R&P

Answer 19

rewards: phone calls, visits, free time
sanctions: segregation

Question 20

Coercion

Answer 20

forcing someone by method to do something or abstain from doing something against their will

Question 21

Coercion Physical

Answer 21

bodily injury, imprisonment, death penalty

Question 22

Coercion Non-violent

Answer 22

strike, boycott, non-cooperation

Question 23

Coercion Prisons

Answer 23

use it and threat of loss of liberty

can be seen in suspended sentence with the continued threat of custody for future breaking the law

Question 24

Fear of Punishment

Answer 24

Individual deterrence
General deterrence

Question 25

Individual deterrence

Answer 25

punishments are imposed directly onto offenders in order to deter and prevent further crime

Question 26

Individual deterence example

Answer 26

a suspended sentence or conditional discharge, where there are other more serious consequences for further offending

Question 27

general deterrence

Answer 27

fear of punishment that prevents others from committing similar crime

Question 28

general deterrence example

Answer 28

a lengthy prison sentence or heavy financial penalty allows others to see potential consequence and are deterred

Question 29

prison as a deterrent

Answer 29

doesn’t work for some minorities such as homelessness as the alternative can be worse

Question 30

policies that promote ‘getting tough on crime’

Answer 30

MANDATORY MINIMUMS: life sentence for murder, 7 years for a third drug offence, 3 years for third burglary

THREE STRIKES AND OUT: third conviction for a violent crime - likely to be life (USA)

Question 31

Control theory

Answer 31

support the view that people require nurturing in order to develop attachments or bonds that are key in producing internal controls

Question 32

Travis Hirschi theory

Answer 32

Social Bond Theory

Question 33

social bond theory explained

Answer 33

people must form bonds to prevent criminal behaviour

these must be properly formed to prevent a person having a propensity to commit crime

individuals will behave because of their attachment to society

Question 34

attachment

Answer 34

TO THE FAMILY

describes the strength of bonds and relationships that exist within an individuals social environment

Question 35

commitment

Answer 35

TO SOCIALLY ACCEPTED NORMS

level of dedication invested in conventional standards and goals

Question 36

involvement

Answer 36

IN ACTIVITIES

someone intensively involved in conventional activities has less time and opportunity to engage in deviant behaviour

Question 37

belief

Answer 37

IN IMPORTANCE

belief in the validity of the values and norms of the mainstream society as the more they have been internalised the more difficult they are to violate