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AS business > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

HRM

A

Strategic approach to the effective management on an organization so workers help business gain competitve advantage.

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2
Q

Workforce plan

A

Forecasting the number of workers and skills required by organization to achieve its objectives

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3
Q

Advantages of workforce plan (4)

A
  1. identify existing skills
  2. Help in training activities
  3. Prevents over or under hiring
  4. Assists to meet objectives and respond to needs
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4
Q

Disadvantages of workforce plan (3)

A
  1. Based on forecast - not accurate
  2. Skilled managers to accurately forecast trend - more cost
  3. Does not take factors like motivation and external change in account
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5
Q

Labor turnover

A

Rate at which employees leave an organization at a certain time period. Lower labor turnover rate is better for the business

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6
Q

Labor turnover formula

A

number of employees left in one year/ total number of employees x100

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7
Q

Advantages of labor turn over (2)

A
  1. New staff is more skilled
  2. Replace with capital - lower labor cost
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8
Q

Disadvantages of labor turn over (2)

A
  1. Cost of hiring - recruiting selecting and training
  2. Poor output level - less staff
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9
Q

Recruitment

A

Regarded as the process that identifies the need for a new employees, defines the job, draws up a profile of an ideal candidate for the job and advertises it to attract suitable candidates

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10
Q

Internal recruitment

A

Firm advertises within business premises to fill new or vacant positions. Often done through notice boards or company emails

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11
Q

Advantages of Internal recruitment (3)

A
  1. no need for training
  2. Motivational tool
  3. Quicker and cheaper
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12
Q

Disadvantages of internal requirement (3)

A
  1. Atmosphere of resentment
  2. No new ideas
  3. Narrow choice of potential
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13
Q

External recruitment

A

When firms advertise position outside the business premise for example in universities, newspapers, career websites

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14
Q

Advantages of external recruitment (3)

A
  1. Brings in new ideas
  2. Wide choice of potential
  3. Avoids resentment
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15
Q

Disadvantages of external recruitment (3)

A
  1. Time consuming and costly
  2. Damage employee morale - current employees wanted position
  3. Need training
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16
Q

Selection

A

Process in which candidates are shortlisted and screened and the most suitable ones are chosen

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17
Q

Selection Techniques (3)

A
  1. Interview - face to face, two-way communication, some might be good at talking but not work and vice versa
  2. Psychometric tests - Assess personality traits, not accurate
  3. Assessment Centers - Variety of selection techniques, more efficient, more expensive and time consuming
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18
Q

Employment Documents (4)

A
  1. Job advertisement
  2. Job descriptions
  3. Person specification
  4. Contact of employment
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19
Q

Job advertisement

A

Advert that contains sufficient information to attract and engage potential employees. It is advertised in newspaper, internet or magazines depending on the type of job.

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20
Q

Job Description

A

This is a detailed list of key points about the job to be filled. It contains all the relevant details about the job from the title to the tasks and responsibility. This helps both the employer and the employee.

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21
Q

Person Specifcation

A

List of skills qualities and qualifications that an applicant’s needs to have for a specific job. Example: good communication skills, bachelor’s degree and extrovert personality for a sales job

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22
Q

Contract of Employment

A

Legal agreement between an employer and employee which highlights the terms and conditions of the employment arrangement. It includes all the details of the job like the employee details, job title and description, holiday, hours of work etc

23
Q

Advantages of Contract of employment (2)

A
  1. Evidence if dispute arises
  2. Enhanced degree of organization and structure - more security , more motivation
24
Q

Disadvantages of Contract of employment (2)

A
  1. Limit flexibility of employment and negotiation of terms
  2. Must be in good faith and fair all times - lead to unnecessary legal action
25
Q

Advantages of job description and person specification (2)

A
  1. Help during selection process
  2. Allow company to only attract right people
26
Q

Disciplinary Procedures

A

Policy which has a step-by-step process that a business should follow when dealing which any discipline issues with an employee which is an activity in which the worker violated the code of conduct of an organization.

27
Q

Dismissal

A

Being dismissed or sacked from a job due to incompetence or breach of discipline.

28
Q

Unfair Dismissal

A

Ending a worker’s employment contact for a reason that the law regards as being unfair

29
Q

Redundancy

A

When a job is no longer required due to factors the employee doing this job becomes unnecessary though no fault of their own

30
Q

How does a business help employee who are being made redundant (3)

A
  1. redundancy payment
  2. Organizations can give recommendations for new jobs
  3. Companies can give training - adopt for new skill
31
Q

Employee morale

A

Overall outlook, attitude and level of satisfaction of employees when at work

32
Q

Employee Welfare

A

Broad term that covers a wide range of facilities that are essential for the well-being of a business’ employee. This includes health, safety and level of morale at work.

33
Q

Work-life balance

A

A situation in which employees are able to give the right amount of time and effort to work and heir personal life outside work for example their family or other interests

34
Q

Advantage of work life balance (4)

A
  1. Prevent damage to employees’ health - improves’ productivity
  2. Reduces stress and ensures safety - avoid fines and law suits
  3. Low labor turnover - less cost of hiring
  4. Better employee loyalty - more productive
35
Q

Methods to improve work life balance (5)

A
  1. Flexible working - what time to begin, where and when to stop
  2. Teleworking - remote working some days
  3. Job sharing - Allowing two people to fill one full time vacancy , each will get half pay
  4. Sabbatical periods - Extended period of leave from work, which may be paid
  5. Setting realistic targets- complete task in real time and leave time for other stuff
36
Q

Diversity policy

A

Ensures organizations have a blend of workers from all different ages, backgrounds, genders and cultures to create a mixed workforce

37
Q

Equality policy

A

Everyone in the organization is treated fairly and has an equal opportunity to fulfil their potential. Gives everyone an equal opportunity to reach senior positions in a business irrespective of their age gender ethnicity

38
Q

Advantages of diversity (3)

A
  1. greater consumer market - make sales international
  2. increase in creativity
  3. culture awareness - more foreign market info = better expansion
39
Q

Advantages of Equality (5)

A
  1. Best quality workers - competitive edge
  2. effectiveness is measured by contribution - motivated
  3. business avoids government labor discrimination fines
40
Q

Training

A

work related education to improve workforce skill and efficiency

41
Q

Develpoment

A

setting new challenges and opportunities like adding additional courses and promotions for workers to have a sense of fulfillment through employee appraisal

42
Q

Types of trainings (3)

A
  1. Induction training
  2. On the job training
  3. Off the job training
43
Q

Induction training

A

Introductory training to familiarize new recruits with the systems and the layouts used in the business. Helps overcome induction crisis.

44
Q

On the job training

A

This type of training is done on the workplace and involves instruction at the place of work. Cheaper as compared to off the job training and company doesn’t loose potential output however no new addition to skills and bad habits can transfer.

45
Q

Off the job training

A

This type of training is done away from workplace and takes place in institute, centers or workshops. Employees learn new skills that previously don’t exist in business however these are expensive and there is a loss of potential output.

46
Q

Advantages of training/development (4)

A
  1. Increase productivity and flexibility - reduces accidents
  2. Increase in status of workers - better pay jobs
  3. sense of achievement and reduce boredom
  4. Improves image of company
47
Q

Disadvantages of training/development (3)

A
  1. Expensive and time consuming
  2. Employees going away from work to train - others need to fill in
  3. Once trained employee may leave
48
Q

Trade unions

A

Association of people with the objective of improving pay and working conditions of their members and providing legal support

49
Q

Advantages of workers for joining a trade union (3)

A
  1. collective bargaining
  2. Legal support - poor working condition and unfair dismal
  3. Industrial action - more influence
50
Q

Collective bargaining

A

Process if negotiating terms of employment between employer and group of workers who represent trade union.

51
Q

Advantages of collective bargaining (4)

A
  1. save times- negotiates on behalf of members
  2. Builds communication channels - organization solves problem better
  3. Prevent unnecessary industrial action
  4. Platform to discuss common interests
52
Q

Industrial Action

A

Measures taken by trade union or workforce to put pressure on the managment to accept their demands or to settle an industrial dispute in favor of the employees

53
Q

Methods to solve industrial disputes (5)

A
  1. negotiation
  2. Public relations - gain publics support
  3. Threat of redundancy
  4. Closure - shut and relocate
  5. Lock-outs - Detention

AS business (11 decks)

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