2.1 Flashcards
species
a group of organisms that share common
characteristics and that interbreed to produce fertile offspring
ecology
The study of the living (biotic) and non-living
(abiotic) parts that interact within an
ecosystem
How they interact with one another
abiotic factor
non-living, physical
factors in the ecosystem that may influence
an organism or a system
exp: soil ph, humidity
they are all interdependent
population
A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time
able to interbreed
if one is separated, it will form new species
community
A group of populations of different species living
and interacting with each other in a habitat
ecosystem
interaction between organisms and the
environment is the key
habitat
The characteristics of the type of environment
where an organism normally lives
keystone species
Species that have especially great impacts on other
community members and on the community’s
identity
species yang penting untuk sustain ecosystem
If keystone species are removed, communities
change greatly.
species that are crucial to
the maintenance of their ecosystem
Keystone is often, but not always, PREDATOR
exp: sea otter, sea urchin, kelp (seaweed)
sea otter makan sea urchin
sea urchin makan batang kelp
kalau sea otter takde, kelp habis kena makan degn sea urchin
then habitat tu takde producer
explain how population change
contoh cicak
ancestral amphibians population were isolated by different geographic factors
different ecosystem made them acquiring new characteristics in order for them to survive in that habitat
overtime, they evolve into new species
exp: body colours, body size
niche
describes the particular set of abiotic and biotic
conditions and resources which an organism or population responds
ada kena mengena dgn trophic level
exp: How the species obtains its food and Temperature range
competitive exclusion principle/Gause’s Law
2 species of identical niche cant survive in the same habitat
Experiment on P. caudatum and P. aurelia
When cultured separately, both thrived.
When cultured together, the numbers of both reduced, but P. caudatum was reduced disproportionately.
One will either die out or migrate, or
they will adapt to carve out separate
resources niches (niche partitioning)
type of niche
fundamental niche
full range of conditions and
resources in which a species could survive and reproduce.
realised niche
the actual conditions and resources in which a species
exists due to biotic interactions
occupy a portion of fundamental niche
sometimes influence with interaction with other organisms
niche vs habitat
niche explains the role of organisms (primary consumer etc.) and organisms behaviour
habitat explains where organisms live
predation
hunting
herbivory
hunting plant
