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Mod 2 Physics > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances exist in what 3 states

A
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
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2
Q

3 main characteristics of an element

A
  • Consist of only one kind of atom
  • Cannot be broken down into simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means
  • Exist as either Atoms or Molecules
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3
Q

Explain Atomic Number

A

Position in the Periodic Table

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4
Q

What are found in the nucleus

A

Protons (+)
Neutrons

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5
Q

What Mass does a Proton & Neutron have

A

1.67 x 10-27 Kg

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6
Q

What are found in the shells of atom

A

Electrons (-)

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7
Q

Mass of an Electron

A

9.11 x 10-31 Kg

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8
Q

What is the simplest Atom

A

Hydrogen - 1 Proton & 1 Electron

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9
Q

Define an Isotope

A

When an atom gains a neutron through a neclear process.

i.e Isotopes of Carbon are Carbon-12 & Carbon-14

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10
Q

The process by which an atom loses or gains electrons

A

ionisation

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11
Q

A neutral atom or molecule must gain electrons to become

A

A negative ion (or Anion)

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12
Q

A neutral atom or molecule must lose electrons to become

A

A postive ion (or Cation)

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13
Q

What is a Molecule

A

A molecule is a structure containing two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds e.g O2

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14
Q

Name the two main types of chemical bonds:

A
  • Covalent Bond
  • Ionic Bond
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15
Q

Describe a Covalent bond

A

Covalent bonds forms between two non-metals by sharing electrons.

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16
Q

Describe a Ionic Bond

A

Ionic bonds occurs when an atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. The atom losing electrons forms a positive and is usually a metallic element. The atom gaining electrons forms a negative ion and is usually a non metallic element.

17
Q

Describe a chemical compound

A

A chemical compound is a pure substance made up from two or more different elements which have been joined together by a chemical reaction. Atoms will be difficult to separate

18
Q

Describe a Mixture

A

A mixture is a combination of at least two substances that are not chemically linked, so they can be separated by physical means. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties.

19
Q

Name the 3 groups mixtures fall into

A
  • Solutions (e.g Sea water)
  • Suspensions (e.g Sand in water)
  • Colloids (e.g Clouds, Milk)
20
Q

Describe Particle Arrangement & Behaviour of a solid

A
  • Strong forces of attraction between particles.
  • Particles usually in a regular arrangement.
  • Particles are close together and vibrate about fixed positions.
21
Q

Properties of a Solid

A
  • Has a definite shape and volume.
  • Has a fixed surface.
  • Usually has a high density.
  • Cannot easily be compressed.
  • Expands a little on heating.
22
Q

Describe Particle Arrangement & Behaviour of a liquid

A
  • Weak forces of attraction between particles.
  • Random arrangement of particles.
  • Particles move about freely but are close together.
23
Q

Properties of a liquid

A
  • Takes the shape of its container.
  • Has a definite volume.
  • Has a surface.
  • High density.
  • Cannot easily be compressed.
  • Expands on heating.
24
Q

Describe Particle Arrangement & Behaviour of a Gas

A
  • Very weak forces of attraction between particles.
  • Random arrangement of particles.
  • Particles move about freely and are far apart.
25
Q

Properties of a Gas

A
  • Has no definite shape or volume.
  • Has no surface.
  • Very low density.
  • Can easily be compressed.
  • Expands greatly on heating.
26
Q

Changes Between States - Boiling & Evaporation

A

Liquid to Gaseous

27
Q

Changes Between States - Condensation

A

Gaseous to Liquid

28
Q

Changes Between States - Melting

A

Solid to Liquid

29
Q

Changes Between States - Freezing

A

Liquid to Solid

30
Q

Changes Between States - Sublimation

A

Solid to Gaseous

31
Q

Changes Between States - Deposition

A

Gaseous to Solid

32
Q

Formula for electrons in shells

A

2n^2

n = shell number

33
Q

Maximum number of Electrons on the 4th Shell

A

32 Electrons

Mod 2 Physics (5 decks)

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