20th Century "isms" Flashcards

1
Q

Futurism: When, where

A

Began in Italy
1809
Moved to Russia

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2
Q

Symbolism: When, where?

A

1880s-early 20th century

Began in France

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3
Q

Symbolism: Who, what plays?

A

Alfred Jarry-Ubu Roi ; Henrik Ibsen: Wild Duck: Maurice Maerterlinck- Pelleas and Melisande; The Blue Bird

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4
Q

Symbolism: Designers

A

Appia and Craig Designers

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5
Q

What was Appia and Craig inspired by?

A

Theatre of the Far East

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6
Q

Symbolism: World view

A

Anti-realistic
Intuitive
World of dreams and imagination

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7
Q

Symbolism: Purpose

A

To represent the true meaning of life, which is spiritual not materialistic

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8
Q

Symbolism: Key Features

A

Simplicity
metaphorical
evocative of feeling

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9
Q

Symbolism: Plot

A

Doesn’t use ‘well made play’ structure

Vague & obscure plot

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10
Q

Symbolism: Character

A

No personality of their own
Symbols of the inner life of the writer
Characters controlled by fate

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11
Q

Symbolism: Dialogue

A

Sometimes staccato delivery

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12
Q

Symbolism: Themes

A

Inner meaning and beauty

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13
Q

Symbolism: Music/Aural Elements

A

Music, poetry and dance were integrated

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14
Q

Symbolism: Spectacle

A

Atmosphere/mood created by lighting, colour, shape, lines
Exaggerated movements
Greater visual beauty on stage

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15
Q

Expressionism: When

A

WW1 Onwards

Started in Germany

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16
Q

Expressionism: Who, what plays?

A

George Kaiser-Gas

Ernst Toller-Masse-Mensch

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17
Q

Expressionism: Worldview

A
Anti-realistic
Subjective reality-dreams
Spirit
Visions
Unconscious desires
Hallucinations
Anti-materialism and anti-industrialism
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18
Q

Expressionism: Purpose

A

To represent the inner feelings and experiences of characters
Journey of the soul
Protect against contemporary social order

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19
Q

Expressionism: Key Features

A

Exaggeration
Distortion
Heightened style
Theatrical devices eg. chorus, narrator, soliloquies, unusual stage effects

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20
Q

Expressionism: Plot

A

Episodic

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21
Q

Expressionism: Character

A

Protagonist central-everything seen through his eyes
Protagonist tortured by events and society
Other characters dehumanised

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22
Q

Expressionism: Dialogue

A
Staccato delivery
Illogical
Rhythmical
Unrealistic
Highly emotional
Abrupt
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23
Q

Expressionism: Themes

A

Show how humanity’s spiritual potential can be realised

Attack capitalist values in industrialised societies

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24
Q

Expressionism: Music/Aural elements

A

Used to evoke emotional response from audience
Rhythmical
Choral chants
Use of repetition

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25
Q

Expressionism: Spectacle

A
Pictorial
Different levels used
Designed to bring out thoughts and feeling of protagonist
Stylised movement
Exaggerated shapes
Bizarre costumes and masks
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26
Q

Futurism: Founder

A

Fillipo Tommasso Marinetti

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27
Q

Futurism: Worldview

A

Reject the past

Glorify machine age and technology

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28
Q

Futurism: Purpose

A

Wish to transform humanity

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29
Q

Futurism: Key Features

A

Compress time & space
Fast-moving
Multiple unrelated scenes shown at the same time

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30
Q

Futurism: Plot

A

Anti-literary
Fast-moving
Love of speed

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31
Q

Futurism: Character

A

Directly in front of audience

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32
Q

Futurism: Dialogue

A

Collage of nouns
Free verse
Improvised speeches

33
Q

Futurism: Themes

A

Transformation of man

Celebration of modernity and violence

34
Q

Futurism: Music/Aural Elements

A

Chaotic
Simultaneous
Art of noise
Noise machines

35
Q

Futurism: Spectacle

A
Dancing
Mix of art forms
Chaotic
Mixed media
Often used arena staging
36
Q

Constructivism: When, where?

A

Russia

After 1917

37
Q

Constructivism: Who, what plays?

A

Vsevold Meyerhold directed classics such as Mystery-Bouffe ; The Magnanimous Cuckold ; The Government Inspector

38
Q

Constructivism: Worldview

A

Anti-illusion
A development from futurism
Revolutionary

39
Q

Constructivism: Purpose

A

To express a new modern society

Shows and tests a future as yet unrealised

40
Q

Constructivism: Key Features

A

Actors create an intervention in this reality

Eliminate the footlights

41
Q

Constructivism: Plot

A

Original classics dissected into episodes

Directors’ theatre

42
Q

Constructivism: Character

A

Biomechanics is used as a system of training actors-using physical movement patterns to create the impression of emotion
Train reflexes to be fine tuned
Grotesque characters
Actors are puppets in hands of director

43
Q

Constructivism: Dialogue

A

Visuals more important than dialogue

44
Q

Constructivism: Themes

A
Agitprop
Pro-Bolshevik revolution, but later critical and satirical about Soviet society
Anti-war
Corrucption
Depicting dehumanisation
45
Q

Constructivism: Music/Aural

A

Rhythmical

46
Q

Constructivism: Spectacle

A

Machine for acting
Non-decorative
Non-representational
Multi-purpose stage settings-platforms, catwalks, steps, wheels, use of circus elements

47
Q

Dadaism: When, where?

A

Started in Zurich, Switzerland
1916
Later Paris

48
Q

Dadaism: Who, what plays?

A
Artists involved:
Tristan Tzara
Georg Grosz
Hugo Ball
Emmy Hennings

Cabarets or events
Short plays at Cabaret Voltaire

49
Q

Dadaism: Worldview

A
Nihilism
Anti-Art
Death of art
Replaces logic and reason with calculated madness
Anti-war
50
Q

Dadaism: Purpose

A

Question everything and believe nothing
Attack complacency
Outrage bourgeois audiences

51
Q

Dadaism: Key Features

A

Variety of forms
Improvisation
Simultaneous action
Illogical arrangement of events

52
Q

Dadaism: Plot

A

No plot

53
Q

Dadaism: Character

A

No character
Interaction with audience
No 4th wall

54
Q

Dadaism: Dialogue

A

Nonsense phrases
Sound poems
Use of cliches

55
Q

Dadaism: Themes

A

Death of art

Meaninglessness of existance

56
Q

Dadaism: Music/ Aural Elements

A

Variety of forms
African Music
Jazz
Music by Debussy

57
Q

Dadaism: Spectacle

A

Variety of meaningless visual elements juxtaposed

Bizarre masks and costumes

58
Q

Surrealism: When, where?

A

France

1920s

59
Q

Surrealism: Who, what plays?

A

Andre Breton
Antonin Artaud-The Jet of Blood
Guillaume Apollinaire-Les Mamelles de Tiresias
Jean Cocteau-Orphee

60
Q

Surrealism: Worldview

A

Super-realism
Art to express the real process of thought
Reflect subconscious and unconscious process

61
Q

Surrealism: Purpose

A

Express subconscious dream state of the mind-including hallucinations, dreams
Break down people’s defences (theatre of cruelty)
Free people from chains of logic and rationality
Create a personal, social and cultural revolution to bring about a life of freedom
Theatre should express what language cannot put into words

62
Q

Surrealism: Key Features

A

Imaginative
Idiosyncratic
Familiar mixed with the strange and unusual

63
Q

Surrealism: Plot

A

Illogical

Symbolic

64
Q

Surrealism: Character

A

Unlikely

Illogical(eg. a bearded woman; a man who gave birth)

65
Q

Surrealism: Dialogue

A

Flow of thoughts without censorship

Automatic writing

66
Q

Surrealism: Themes

A

Personal

Social and cultural revolution

67
Q

Surrealism: Music/ aural elements

A

Shrill sound effects

Use voice to create harmonies and dissonance

68
Q

Surrealism: Spectacle

A

New spaces
Stark lighting
Sets modelled on surrealist paintings
Some decor and costumes designed my Picasso

69
Q

Existentialism: Where, When?

A

France

1940s onwards

70
Q

Existentialism: Who, what plays?

A

Jean-Paul Sartre-The Flies, No Exit
Albert Camus-Caligula
In SA: Athol Fugard

71
Q

Existentialism: Worldview

A

Choice determines who one is
Freedom is an act of human will
There is no meaning to existance until the human being takes action
Absurdity and irony of life

72
Q

Existentialism: Purpose

A

To make us aware that we are responsible for finding all the answers ourselves
That there are no universal or abstract rules
To make us more socially committed

73
Q

Existentialism: Key Features

A

Little joy or happiness
Philosophical
Questioning

74
Q

Existentialism: Plot

A

Closer to traditional plot structure than Absurdists

75
Q

Existentialism: Character

A

Representative
Little known about their pasts
More consistent than Absurd characters

76
Q

Existentialism: Dialogue

A

Poetic
Beautifully phrased
Argumentative

77
Q

Existentialism: Themes

A
Meaninglessness
Absurdity
Isolation and despair in modern world
There are no answers
Inevitable devaluation of ideals
'Hell is within ourselves'
78
Q

Existentialism: Music/Aural Elements

A

Richness of dialogue

79
Q

Existentialism: Spectacle

A

Irrational

Illogical universe depicted