20th Century Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

The International Style: Architecture Since 1922

A
  • authors Hitchcock and Johnson, 1932

- announced European Modernism as a style, renames it the International

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2
Q

Adolf Loos

A
  • affiliated w/Vienna Secession, became estranged from it
  • worked and traveled in the US, influenced by the Chicago School and Louis Sullivan
  • against inclusion of ornament
  • new method of spatial composition, the Raumplan
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3
Q

Moller House

A
  • Moller House
  • Vienna
  • Adolf Loos
  • 1930
  • architectural elements parts within a balanced asymmetrical whole (doors, windows, etc.)
  • multiple ceiling heights and mezzanine levels
  • bold openings b/w spaces
  • overt use of stairs to unify vertical spaces
  • rich materials on interior
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4
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright

A
  • profoundly influenced by Louis Sullivan
  • early years explored many styles
  • Winslow House first independent commission
  • Prairie House from search for regional expression
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5
Q

Winslow House

A
  • Winslow House
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
  • River Forest, IL
  • 1893
  • symmetrical w/Sullivanesque ornament
  • organized around central fireplace and dominated by horizontal lines
  • broadened chimney mass
  • house hugs the ground
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6
Q

Prairie House

A
  • the Prairie House
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
  • Chicago, IL
  • 1909
  • search for appropriate regional expression
  • low to the ground
  • tied organically to landscape
  • brick and standard lumber sizes
  • flowing interior spaces (open concept)
  • environmental factors: broad overhangs, cross ventilation, central fireplace
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7
Q

Larkin Building

A
  • Larkin Building
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
  • Buffalo, NY
  • 1904
  • forward looking (A/C, modular furnishings and flexibility, employee recreation, suspended toilet bowls)
  • demolished in 1949 to create a parking lot
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8
Q

Deutscher Werkbund

A
  • Deutscher Werkbund
  • Peter Behrens
  • Berlin
  • 1909
  • polygonal roof over factory hall
  • no applied ornament
  • exposed steel frame
  • concrete panels dominate end elevations
  • front window projects beyond concrete
  • lower 2-story block on left w/bank of windows and concrete follow classical proportions
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9
Q

Futurism

A
  • developed by Filippo Marinetti in Italy in 1909
  • Italian culture and architecture in decrepitude
  • called for radical transformation: paving Venice’s canals; praised speed, danger, audacity and war as cleanser of society
  • announced end of traditional space and time
  • found inspiration in Cubism
  • Antonio Sant’Elia most famous Futurist architect
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10
Q

Città Nuova

A
  • Sant’Elia
  • 1914
  • bold massing
  • no ornament
  • verticality and battered walls
  • layered horizontal circulation
  • external elevators
  • exposed power production facilities
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11
Q

Constructivism

A
  • Russia
  • rejection of idea of autonomous art
  • promoted art as practice for social purposes
  • imagined architecture driven forward by forces of industrialization
  • ideas exceeded technical capabilities of country
  • promoted use of steel, concrete, lots of glass
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12
Q

Rusakov Worker’s Club

A
  • Rusakov Worker’s Club
  • Moscow
  • Melnikov
  • 1927-28
  • fan-shaped plan, designed as theater for workers in nearby printing factories
  • 3 cantilevered seating areas can be used as separate auditoriums or combined
  • reinforced concrete, brick, glass
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13
Q

Modern Architecture

A
  • complex and polemic
  • disillusionment after WW2, architecture should play central role in transformation
  • believed rational, economical and functional designs best produced through mechanization
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