2025 March Mocks

Question 1

what is the ego according to the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 1

formed in the first 3 years of life
reality principle
resolve conflicts between the id and the superego (repression)

Question 2

what is the superego according to the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 2

formed at the end of the phallic stage (6 years)
morality principle
child’s internalized rights and wrongs
constantly in conflict with the id

Question 3

outline wundt’s method of introspection?

Answer 3

process of exploring one’s own mental and emotional states
1879 laboratory
3 conditions: mentality, first-person and temporal proximity - basic structures of thoughts, processes and images
structualism - highly scientific and reliable data

Question 4

whats an example of how neurochemistry influences behaviour?

Answer 4

neurotransmitters
regulate carious physiological processes (i.e mood and sleep)
high levels of dopamine found in schizophrenics

Question 5

what are the signs of incongruence?

Answer 5

large gap between self and ideal self
low self-esteem

Question 6

how would a humanist psychologist help someone achieve congruence?

Answer 6

person-centered therapy
e.g., alter self-judgmental way of thinking to valuing her achievements and aspirations

Question 7

what is operant conditioning in regarding the process of learning?

Answer 7

learning is acquired and maintained through consequences - positive/negative reinforcement & positive/negative punishment

Question 8

what is the SLT?

Answer 8

learning behavior happens through observation and the environment - imitation, identification , modelling and vicarious reinforcemen

Question 9

what are the similarities between SLT and operant conditioning regarding learning?

Answer 9

they both rely on motivation, rewards and punishment

Question 10

what are the differences between SLT and operant conditioning regarding learning?

Answer 10

operant conditioning learning is based on what is acceptable through your own actions
SLT is based on what is acceptable through watching others

Question 11

what are hormones?

Answer 11

chemicals that are secreted into the bloodstream via glands that are apart of the endocrine system

Question 12

whats an example of a gland and its hormone?

Answer 12

thyroid gland
secretes thyroxine - responsible for increasing heart rate and rate of growth

Question 13

whats an ethical issue when studying sleep deprivation and why ?

Answer 13

Protection from harm
can lead to a decrease in hormone production