2024 ESC PAD and Aortic Disease

Question 1

An ultimate LDL-C goal of _______ and a >50% reduction in LDL-C vs. baseline are recommended in patients with atherosclerotic PAAD. Class I recommendation

Answer 1

<1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL)

Question 2

If the target LDL-C level is not achieved on maximally tolerated statins and ezetimibe, treatment with a _________ is recommended in patients with atherosclerotic PAAD, to achieve target values.. Class I recommendation

Answer 2

PCSK9 inhibitor

Question 3

For statin-intolerant patients with atherosclerotic PAAD, at high CV risk, who do not achieve their LDL-C goal on ezetimibe, it is recommended to add ______ either alone or in combination with a PCSK9 inhibitor. Class I recommendation

Answer 3

bempedoic acid

Question 4

In high-risk patients with PAAD and triglycerides >1.5 mmol/L despite lifestyle measures and statin therapy, _________ may be considered in addition to a statin. Class recommendation?

Answer 4

icosapent ethyl 2 g b.i.d.

Class IIb

Question 5

In exercise therapy of PAD, ________ should be considered as the first-line training modality.

IIa

Answer 5

WALKING

hen walking exercise is not an option, alternative exercise modes (strength training, arm cranking, cycling, and combinations of different training modes) should also be considered.

Question 6

Walking training performed at high intensity should be considered to improve walking performance, and high-intensity exercise training (various aerobic training modes) should be considered to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.

what is the HR target for high intensity exercise and Borg’s scale?

Answer 6

(77%–95% of maximal heart rate or 14–17 self-perceived exertion on Borg’s scale)

Question 7

Treatment with combination _______ and _______ should be considered for patients with PAD and high ischaemic risk, and non-high bleeding risk.

Answer 7

rivaroxaban (2.5 mg b.i.d.) and aspirin (100 mg o.d.)

Question 8

Treatment with combination ______ and ______ should be considered for patients with PAD and non-high bleeding risk following lower-limb revascularization.

Answer 8

rivaroxaban (2.5 mg b.i.d.) and aspirin (100 mg o.d.)

Question 9

___________for primary prevention may be considered in patients with asymptomatic PAD and DM, in the absence of contraindications.

Answer 9

Aspirin (75–100 mg)

Question 10

In patients with PAAD and hypertension an SBP target towards _________, if tolerated, is recommended.

Answer 10

120–129 mmHg

Question 11

An ultimate LDL-C goal of _______ and a >50% reduction in LDL-C vs. baseline are recommended in patients with atherosclerotic PAAD.

Answer 11

<1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL)

Question 12

_______ may be considered in all patients with PAD, regardless of BP levels, in the absence of contraindications.

Answer 12

ACEIs/ARBs

Question 13

Surgery is recommended in patients with dilatation of the aortic root or ascending aorta with a tricuspid aortic valve and a maximum diameter of _____.

Answer 13

≥55 mm

Question 14

After TEVAR, follow-up imaging is recommended at ____ and ___ months post-operatively, then yearly until the fifth post-operative year if no abnormalities are documented.

Answer 14

1 and 12 months

Question 15

After open repair of AAA, first follow-up imaging is recommended within ____ months/year and _____ years thereafter if findings are stable.

Answer 15

1 post-operative year, and every 5 year

Question 15

After EVAR, follow-up imaging is recommended with CCT (or CMR) and DUS/CEUS at ___month and ____ months post-operatively, then, if no abnormalities are documented, DUS/CEUS is recommended every ___ year, repeating CCT or CMR (based on potential artefacts) every _____ years.

Answer 15

1 month and 12 months post-operatively, then, if no abnormalities are documented, DUS/CEUS is recommended every year, repeating CCT or CMR (based on potential artefacts) every 5 years.

Question 16

In the case of type A PAU, _______is recommended. what treatment option?

Answer 16

surgery

Question 16

In patients with suspected AAS, what is the class of recommendation of TOE?

Answer 16

TOE is recommended to guide peri-operative management and detect complications.

Question 16

In patients with complicated acute TBAD, ____ is recommended as the first-line therapy.

Answer 16

TEVAR

Question 17

In complicated type B PAU, ________ is recommended. what treatment option?

Answer 17

In complicated type B PAU, endovascular treatment is recommended.