2023 ITE Nephrology Flashcards
What medication can cause transient decrease in serum potassium?
Albuterol
How does albuterol cause a decrease in K?
intracellular shifts in potassium (NKATPase)
When is contrast induced nephropathy PROPHYLAXIS indicated?
Normal saline pre and post procedure when estimated GFR is below 30 or in setting of AKI (make sure the procedure is urgent/emergent)
When is contrast nephropathy prophylaxis not indicated?
GFR: >45
What is the best next step after confirming diagnosis of membranous nephropathy?
phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antigen test
positive: primary MN
negative: need to look for secondary MN
What are secondary causes of membranous nephropathy that must be ruled out regardless of PLA2R status?
Lupus
Drug
Hepatitis
Malignancy
In patients with CKD who have been started on ACE/ARB, what should be rechecked?
Cr and K in 2-3 weeks
What level of increase in creatinine necessitates decreasing the dose of or discontinuing these agents?
> 30% (Steph Curry)
What screening should be pursued in patients with acquired cystic kidney disease?
malignancy: renal cell carcinoma (cysts could transform into malignancy)
annual Renal US
Treatment for myeloma cast nephropathy?
chemotherapy to reduce concentration of free light chains
Most likely complication within first 12 months of diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome
VTE
Indications for kidney biopsy
1) AKI/CKD of unclear cause
2) Glomerular hematuria
3) Severely increased albuminemia
4) Kidney transplant dysfunction or monitoring
Metabolic alkalosis, with normotension/hypotension low potassium and low phosphate
Metabolic alkalosis with hypertension, low potassium
1) Bartter syndrome
2) Liddle Syndrome
