2023 final exam Flashcards
Briefly discuss any two (2) functions of the operating system in the
computer
Booting the computer
Loads the essential part of operating system (kernel) into memory.
Reads opening batch of instructions.
File management - Keeps track of stored files on computer so they can be retrieved when needed
State any two client operating system that you know. [2 marks]
Windows
Android
List and explain any five (5) components found in the system case.
Motherboard:
The main circuit board that connects all other components and acts as the communication hub.
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer, responsible for processing instructions and performing calculations.
RAM (Random Access Memory): Provides temporary storage for frequently accessed data, allowing for faster program execution.
Storage Drives (HDD/SSD): Permanent storage for data like files, applications, and the operating system.
Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts incoming AC power to DC voltages required by different system components.
Provide a list of any five (5) items you should confirm when selecting a replacement motherboard of a computer. [5 marks]
Socket Compatibility:
Ensure the motherboard socket matches your CPU type (e.g., LGA1700 for Intel 12th Gen).
Form Factor: Verify the motherboard size (ATX, mATX, etc.) fits your case.
RAM Compatibility: Check if the motherboard supports your desired RAM type (DDR4) and speed.
Storage Connectivity: Confirm it has enough SATA ports for your hard drives and SSDs.
Features: Ensure it has the features you need (e.g., Wi-Fi, specific number of USB ports).
Differentiate between the following:
i) ROM and RAM. [2 marks]
OM (Read-Only Memory): Stores permanent data (like boot instructions) that cannot be changed by the user. It retains data even without power.
RAM (Random Access Memory): Holds temporary data (like running programs) that gets erased when the computer shuts down. It allows fast data access and modification.
Differentiate between the following: SATA and SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) cables. [2 marks]
SATA (Serial ATA):
Newer technology, widely used in modern computers. Slimmer 7-pin cables for data transfer. Lower cost and simpler connection. Slower data transfer speeds compared to SCSI.
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface):
Older technology, used in high-performance servers and workstations. Wider cables with 50 or more pins. More complex setup and higher cost. Offers faster data transfer speeds than SATA.
Describe the four layers of the TCP/IP Model. [8 Marks]
A
T
I
N
For each of the layers in the TCP/IP model provide an example of a
protocol/service. [4 marks]
Give one (1) example of a network Operating System (NOS).
Microsoft Windows Server
.
State any one (1) power protection device that protects your computer
from power fluctuations
surge protector
Explain how the device in e) protects your computer. [2 marks]
diverting excess voltage away from your device
State two (2) signs of RAM failure on your computer. [2 marks]
Frequent crashes or unexpected reboots.
Blue screens of death
List any three (3) components of preventative maintenance. [3marks]
DUST
INTERNAL COMPONENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Expand and describe LAN [2 marks]
A wired network
consisting of a switch and network devices in a
limited geographical area.
Expand and describe WLAN [2 marks]
Connects multiple wireless
devices and uses an access point
Expand and describe PAN [2 marks]
Commonly uses
Bluetooth to connect mice, keyboards, phones, and
tablets.
Expand and describe MAN [2 marks]
A network that
spans a city.
Expand and describe WAN [2 marks]
A network that spans a
large geographical area.
Differentiate the following terms as used in networking.
i) Peer-to-peer and client/server networks
Peer-to-Peer (P2P):
All devices act as both clients and servers. They can directly request and share resources with each other. (Think classmates sharing files directly)
Client/Server: Dedicated server stores and manages resources. Clients request resources from the server. (Think library with a central catalog and librarians)
Differentiate the following terms as used in networking.
ii) Bandwidth and Latency. [2 marks
Bandwidth: Refers to the amount of data that can be transferred over a network connection in a given amount of time.
Latency:
Represents the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another on the network
With aid of a diagram discuss Bus topology.[3marks]
onnects all devices to a single central cable, called the backbone
With aid of a diagram discuss Ring topology.[3marks]
c.onnects devices in a closed loop where data travels from one device to the next in a circle.
With aid of a diagram discuss Star topology.[3marks]
ALL NETWRK DEVICES AR CONNECTED TO A DEVICE
Define a Virtual Private Network (VPN)? [2 marks]
A method of
connecting to a network such as a company network across an unsecure network
Name and describe any three (3) types of printers that you know.
[6 marks]
i
State at least one (1) advantage and one (1) disadvantages of each
type of printers from part (a.i.) above. [6 marks]
Inkjet Printer .Uses ink cartridges
LASER PRINTER.USES a laser beam and toner powder
3D PRINTER.create physical objects by depositing material layer by layer.
Dis & adv==
Inkjet:Good for photos, bad for ink cost.
Laser: Sharp text, bulky and expensive.
3D Printer: Creates 3D objects, complex and slow.
Name two (2) types of a wired printer connection. [2 marks]
USB , ETHERNET
Explain the preventive maintenance techniques for laptop.
[4 marks]
Software:
Update your operating system and applications regularly (improves security and performance). [1 mark] Run disk cleanup to remove unnecessary files (frees up space). [0.5 mark] Scan for viruses and malware (protects your data). [0.5 mark]
Hardware:
Clean the dust buildup with compressed air (improves cooling and prevents overheating). [1 mark] Avoid eating or drinking near the laptop (prevents spills and damage). [0.5 mark]
General Care:
Use a carrying case for protection during transport (prevents bumps and scratches). [0.5 mark] Don't block vents (ensures proper airflow). [0.5 mark]
Define a Hub.[1 mark]
Define a Switch.[1 mark]
Define a PowerOverEthernet.[1 mark]
Define Routers [2 mark]
Define Wireless Access Points (WAP) [2 mark]
State any five (5) advantages of Server Virtualization. [5 marks]
Increased Server Utilization:
Cost Savings:
Improved Disaster Recovery
Enhanced Scalability:
Greater Agility and Flexibility:
Describe functions of a hypervisor in a Virtual Machine. [2 marks]
Resource Management:
Allocates and manages physical resources (CPU, memory, storage) among multiple VMs, ensuring efficient utilization.
Creates isolated environments for each VM,
preventing them from interfering with each other or the host system.
Discuss the the difference between Type 1 vs. Type 2 hypervisor?
[4 marks]
A.Type 1 Hypervisor .Installed directly on the physical server hardware,
without a host operating system.
Type 2 Hypervisor.Installed on top of a host operating system like Windows or Linux.
B.Type 1 Hypervisor.Has direct access to hardware resources,
offering better performance and isolation for VMs.
Type 2 Hypervisor.Shares resources with the host OS,
potentially impacting VM performance.
Describe the steps taken by the client and DHCP server in order to obtain
an IP address. [8 marks]
D
ORA
A socket pair that plays a crucial role in determining how incoming and outgoing traffic is routed through a system. State the four elements of a socket pair. [4 marks]
Local IP Address:
Local Port:
Remote IP Address (Optional):
Remote Port (Optional):
Name at least two (2) types of malware that poses threats to computer
users. [2 marks]
RANSOMWARE.
SPYWARE.
