2022 Paper

Question 1

What measures volume

Answer 1

Graduated cylinder

Question 2

What measures time

Answer 2

Stopwatch

Question 3

What measures temperature

Answer 3

Thermometer

Question 4

What measures resistance

Answer 4

Ohmmeter

Question 5

What measures Potential difference

Answer 5

Voltmeter

Question 6

What consists of burning gas

Answer 6

Star

Question 7

What’s orbits a planet

Answer 7

Moon

Question 8

What orbits a star

Answer 8

Planet

Question 9

Which of the celestial objects above has the largest diameter?

Answer 9

Star

Question 10

Name one subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 10

Proton
Neutron

Question 11

The charge on the electron is:
Positive
Negative
Neutral

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

The charge of a proton is
Positive
Negative
Neutral

Answer 12

Positive

Question 13

True or false
Evolution involves genetic mutations.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or false
Natural selection is based on competition.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or false
Natural selection involves survival of the weakest.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Describe one way a fox is adapted to help it survive in its habitat.

Answer 16

One way a fox is adapted to help it survive in its habitat is through its sharp hearing. Foxes have excellent ears that can rotate to detect even the slightest sounds, like small animals moving underground or in the grass. This helps them locate prey easily and avoid predators

Question 17

Describe one way a rose bush is adapted to help it survive in its habitat.

Answer 17

One way a rose bush is adapted to help it survive in its habitat is through its thorns. The sharp thorns protect the plant from animals that might try to eat its leaves, stems, or flowers. This helps the rose bush stay safe and continue growing.

Question 18

Which one of the properties is the same for the water in each beaker?

Answer 18

Density

Question 19

Describe two things that the student could have done to allow a greater mass of the compound to be dissolved.

Answer 19

Increase the temperature of the solvent – Warming up the liquid can help dissolve more of the compound because higher temperatures usually increase solubility.

Stir the solution – Stirring helps spread the particles of the compound throughout the solvent more evenly, speeding up the dissolving process and allowing more to dissolve.

Question 20

Explain why the Moon is visible from Earth.

Answer 20

The Moon is visible from Earth because it reflects light from the Sun. The Moon doesn’t make its own light—instead, sunlight shines on the Moon’s surface, and that reflected light travels to Earth, allowing us to see it, especially at night.

Question 21

An object weighs less on the Moon than on Earth. Because

Answer 21

The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth.

Question 22

How to calculate speed

Answer 22

speed=distance divided by time

Question 23

During your studies you learned about a scientific model that helps us understand the origin of the universe.
(a)
Name the model you studied.

Answer 23

The Big Bang theory

Question 24

Outline two pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang theory

Answer 24

Hubble’s discovery in the 1920s of a relationship between a galaxy’s distance from Earth and its speed;

and • the discovery in the 1960s of cosmic microwave background radiation

Question 25

Outline one benefit of space exploration.

Answer 25

One benefit of space exploration is the discovery of new resources. Exploring space could lead to finding valuable materials, like minerals or water on other planets or asteroids, which might help support future technology or even human life in space

Question 26

One hazard of space exploration.

Answer 26

One hazard of space exploration is exposure to harmful radiation. Outside of Earth’s protective atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to higher levels of cosmic rays and solar radiation, which can increase the risk of health problems like cancer.

Question 27

State one safety precaution the student should have followed when handling the acids.

Answer 27

Wear protective equipment such as goggles

Question 28

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Answer 28

7

Question 29

Identify a laboratory base the student could have used in this investigation.

Answer 29

sodium hydroxide (NaOH

Question 30

Why does the left atrium have thicker walls than the right atrium

Answer 30

The left atrium has thicker walls than the right atrium because it needs to pump blood to the rest of the body, which requires more forc In contrast, the right atrium only pumps blood into the right ventricle which requires less force

Question 31

Which one of the following statements explains why seasons occur on Earth? The Moon moves around its axis. The tilted Earth moves around the Sun. The tilted Earth moves around its axis. There are sunspots on the surface of the Sun.

Answer 31

The tilted Earth moves around the Sun.

Question 32

Name an instrument the students could have used to measure the length of the shadow.

Answer 32

Metre stick Trundle wheel

Question 33

State one variable the students in group A should have kept constant. When investigating how the length of a shadow varied over a year.

Answer 33

Time of day

Question 34

Name an instrument which could be used in the laboratory to view human cells.

Answer 34

Microscope

Question 35

How many chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?

Answer 35

23

Question 36

The sperm cell fertilises an egg cell. How many chromosomes should be present in the resulting zygote?

Answer 36

46

Question 37

What is meant by the melting point of a substance?

Answer 37

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from a solid to a liquid

Question 38

Is melting an example of a physical change or a chemical change? Explain your answer.

Answer 38

Melting is an example of a physical change because it involves a change in the state of the substance (from solid to liquid) without altering its chemical composition

Question 39

The aluminium cube had a smaller mass than the zinc cube. Explain why.

Answer 39

The aluminium cube had a smaller mass than the zinc cube because aluminium has a lower density than zinc

Question 40

The sucrose on the aluminium melted before the sucrose on the zinc. What does this result tell us about the two metals? Aluminium is a better conductor of heat than zinc. Aluminium has a higher melting point than zinc. Aluminium is less reactive than zinc. Aluminium atoms have less neutrons than zinc atoms.

Answer 40

Aluminium is a better conductor of heat than zinc.

Question 41

Explain why the sugar melted but the metals did not

Answer 41

The sugar melted but the metals did not because sugar has a lower melting point than most metals. When heat is applied, the sugar reaches its melting point first and transitions from a solid to a liquid. Metals, on the other hand, generally have much higher melting points, so they remain solid unless the temperature is high enough to reach their melting point, which is usually much higher than that of sugar

Question 42

The dials on the hotplate were made of plastic, a non-metal. State two properties of non-metals.

Answer 42

Poor conductors of heat and electricity Dull appearance – Non-metals typically have a dull, non-reflective surface, unlike metals which are shiny.

Question 43

The student was then given the task of separating the sucrose from the water. Describe how the student could have separated these two substances.

Answer 43

The student could separate sucrose (sugar) from water by evaporating the water. Here’s how: Heat the solution – Gently heat the water and sucrose mixture in an evaporating dish or beaker. Evaporation – As the water heats up, it will begin to evaporate, leaving the sucrose behind as it doesn't evaporate at normal temperatures. Collect the sucrose – Once all the water has evaporated, the sucrose will remain as solid crystals.

Question 44

EU agriculture has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 20% since 1990. Name a greenhouse gas which drives climate change and is produced by agricultural practices.

Answer 44

Methane

Question 45

Describe an initiative that could be undertaken to reduce the production of methane

Answer 45

One initiative to reduce the production of methane is to improve livestock diets. By feeding animals, especially cows, more digestible and low-methane-producing feeds their digestive systems produce less methane

Question 46

20% of the food we produce is not eaten. Suggest one way in which a household could reduce its food waste.

Answer 46

One way a household could reduce its food waste is by planning meals and shopping with a list. This helps avoid buying more food than needed and ensures that food is used before it spoils, reducing the amount that gets thrown away

Question 47

What part of the digestive system Absorbs water from fully-digested matter

Answer 47

Large intestine

Question 48

What part of the digestive system Secretes hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria in food

Answer 48

Stomach

Question 49

What Part of digestive system Absorbs fully-digested food into the bloodstream

Answer 49

Small intestine

Question 50

Heat energy is also produced when a person uses a trampoline. Describe one possible source of this heat energy.

Answer 50

One possible source of heat energy when a person uses a trampoline is the friction between the person’s body and the trampoline surface

Question 51

Explain mass

Answer 51

: Mass is the amount of matter in an object or substance

Question 52

Explain weight

Answer 52

Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity