2022 Flashcards
Outline the role of RNA polymerase in the production of the mRNA sequence
joins / adds , (RNA) nucleotides ✓
forms phosphodiester bonds (between nucleotides) ✓
why use a logarithmic scale on the
y-axis (2)
idea that differences in numbers would be too big to
represent on paper ✓
two figures quoted in support ✓
advantages of using microorganisms in food production.
no , welfare / ethical , issues ✓
can be genetically modified (relatively easily) ✓
rapid growth / production can be easily changed to
meet demand ✓
non-seasonal / year-round production ✓
take up little space ✓
low costs because work at low temperatures ✓
Suggest how lactic acid helps to extend the shelf life of yoghurt (2)
pH below optimum ✓
(for) bacterial enzymes ✓
Suggest and explain why a cooling system is necessary (in a continous batch process)
temperature affects , rate of growth / enzyme activity ✓
(fungal) metabolic reactions generate heat ✓
to inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria ✓
