2021 Air Law Flashcards
Basic requirements to obtain commercial pilot license?
- Minimum age 18
- Minimum category 1 medical
- 80 hours ground school
- Minimum 200 total
- 100 PIC with 20 cross country
- 35 dual
- 5 total night with 2 night cross country
- 5 cross country time (2 may be in sim)
- 20 instrument - 30 hours solo
-300NM
5 solo with night 10 takeoffs, circuits, landings
What are the category 1 medical validities regarding age?
Under 40:
-valid for 12 months
Over 40:
- in single pilot operations carrying passengers; 6 months
60 and older:
- valid for 6 months
PPL holder privileges:
- Act as PIC on an aircraft for which one has attained the required ratings
- Act as PIC on ultralight aircraft
- Act as PIC or co-pilot of any aircraft for the sole purpose of one’s flight training WITH an instructor and WITHOUT passengers
- Act as PIC or co-pilot for the purpose of any flight test
CPL holder privledges:
- Fly in commercial air services (with required ratings and endorsements) as:
- Act as PIC of aircraft that require only one crew member
- Act as co-pilot
- Conduct flight instruction if qualified as an instructor
- Exercise privileges of VFR-OTT rating
Define night:
Period from END of EVENING civil twilight to the BEGINNING of MORNING civil twilight; when the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon.
Requirements for use of an aerodrome at night:
Requirements for use of an aerodrome at night:
VFR OTT provisions:
- Only permitted during daytime and during cruise portion of flight only
- Must be operated at a vertical distance from cloud of 1,000’
- When operating VFR OTT between two cloud layers, cloud layers must be at least 5,000’ vertical distance
- Flight visibility must be 5NM or more
In order to fly VFR OTT, the following conditions must be met at your destination aerodrome:
- Cloud must be scattered or better
- Ground visibility must be 5NM or more
- No forecast of precipitation, TS, FG, SN or BLSN
These conditions must be forecast to not exist at your ETA and for a period of time for either side of your ETA:
- 1 hour before ETA to 2 hours after ETA by TAF
- 1 hour before ETA to 3 hours after ETA by GFA
VFR OTT: These conditions must be forecast to not exist at your ETA and for a period of time for either side of your ETA:
- 1 hour before ETA to 2 hours after ETA by TAF
- 1 hour before ETA to 3 hours after ETA by GFA
Seaplane class rating requirements when holding a landplane rating:
- 7 hours total seaplane training
- 5 hours dual instruction
- 5 take-offs and landings as the sole occupant of aircraft
- completed “qualifying flight” for Transport Canada
Landplane class requirements if holding a seaplane rating:
- 3 hours of landplane training
- 2 hours dual instruction
- 5 takeoffs and landings as sole occupant of the airplane
When is an individual type rating needed:
For high-performance airplanes and airplanes requiring more than 1 crewmember
What is a high performance airplane?
- Certified minimum flight crew of 1
- Vne 250 KIAS or greater
- Vso 80 KIAS or greater
Requirements to fly a high performance aircraft:
- Complete ground training
- Complete flight training
- 200 hours of airplanes
- Complete qualifying flight
Requirements to fly a two-crew airplane:
- Complete ground and flight training program
- Score 70% or greater on IATRA within 24 months of application
- Complete flight training on type
- Have at least 250 hours of flight time in airplanes
- Pass a pilot proficiency check (PPC) within 12 months of application
Maintaining validity of CPL:
Have flown as PIC or co-pilot within the previous 5 years
OR
Have successfully completed both a flight review by a flight instructor AND the written examination specified in the personnel licensing standards (CPAER) within the last 12 months
AND
Have completed a recurrent training program within the previous 24 months
Maintaining validity of CPL in order to carry passengers:
Within the last 6 months:
- 5 day or night take-offs AND 5 day or night landings if flights are to be conducted during day
- 5 night take-offs AND 5 night landings if a flight with passengers is to be conducted during night
Who may ask you to show documentation:
Peace officer, immigration officer or minister of transport
VFR in controlled airspace weather requirements:
During day or night:
- 3 miles visibility
- 1 mile vertically from cloud
- 500’ horizontally from cloud
For a control zone:
- Ground visibility must be at least 3 statue miles
- May not operate at less than 500’ AGL unless taking off or landing
SVFR requirements:
- Two-way radio onboard (obviously)
- Flight and reported ground visibility of 1 mile or greater
- Clear of cloud
- Expect other restrictions that ATC may impose
At night time:
SVFR is only available to aircraft landing, NOT take-off
VFR in uncontrolled airspace weather requirements:
More than 1,000’: 500’ below cloud, 2,000’ horizontally & 1NM visibility in day, 3NM by night
Less than 1,000’: Clear of cloud & 2NM visibility, 3NM by night
Survival equipment requirements:
- Starting a fire
- Providing shelter
- Providing or purifying water
- Visually signaling for distress
Seatbelt requirements:
- Required for every person onboard except infants (children who are 2 years old or younger)
- Each front seat (except on small aeroplanes manufactured before July 18th, 1978)
- Every seat on small aeroplanes manufactured after December 12th, 1986 is required to have shoulder harness
- Seatbelts required during all phases of flight, including taxi
Unpressurized aircraft oxygen requirements:
Above 10,000’ but below 13,000’:
For a period longer than 30 minutes, you are required to carry oxygen for the flight crew and for at least 10% of the passengers (not less than 1 passenger) for the period extending 30 minutes.
13,000’ and above:
Oxygen is required for all persons onboard at all times above 13,000’.
Equipment required when flying over water:
Within 50nm of shoreline:
Life preserver and personal flotation device for every person on board.
Within 100nm of shoreline:
Life preserver for each person on board.
Within 200nm of shoreline:
Single engine or multi-engine aircraft that are unable to maintain flight with one engine operative are required to carry a life raft in addition to a life preserver for each person.
VHF airways vertical profile dimensions:
- Base at 2,200’ AGL up to 17,999’ ASL
- From 12,500’ to 18,000’ in B class airspace
VHF airway segment VOR to VOR:
- 4NM either side of centreline
- 50.8NM
- 4 1/2 degrees
ALWAYS “NM” not “SM”
VHF airway segment VOR to NDB:
- 4.34NM either side of centreline
- 49.66NM
- 5 degrees
Low frequency airways (LF/MF) dimensions:
- 4.34NM either side of centreline
- 49.66NM
- 5 degrees
Low-level air routes dimensions:
Surface up to but not including 18,000’; UNCONTROLLED.
Low-Level Air root; from the ground!
What does a series of green flashing lights mean?
Cleared for taxi & return for landing
What does a series of red flashing lights mean?
Taxi clear of runway & airport unsafe; do not land
Steady green light:
Cleared for takeoff & cleared for landing
Steady red light:
Stop on ground & give way to other aircraft and continue circling
Blinking runway lights:
Advises all aircraft and ground vehicles to vacate runway immediately
Group 1 - Heavy turbulence classification:
MTOW weight of 300,000lbs or more
Group 2 - Medium turbulence classification:
MTOW weight between 15,500lbs and 300,000lbs
Group 3 - Light turbulence classification:
MTOW weight up to 15,500lbs
Radar environment - heavy following heavy:
4 miles separation
Radar environment - light following heavy:
6 miles separation
Radar environment - medium following heavy:
5 miles separation
Radar environment - light following medium:
4 miles separation
What is a flight crew member on call:
Designated by an air operator to be available for flight duty notice of 1 hour or LESS
What is a flight crew member on reserve:
Designated by an air operator to be available for flight duty notice of MORE than one hour
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member:
1,200 hours in any consecutive 365 days
300 hours in any 90 consecutive days
120 hours in any 30 consecutive days
60 hours in any 7 days
8 hours in any 24 consecutive hours of single pilot IFR
What should you squawk when VFR at and below 12,500’?
1200.
What should you squawk when VFR above 12,500’?
1400.
To whom are low-level airspaces designated to?
En-route traffic.
What information shall you broadcast on 126.7 when making a position report?
IDENTIFICATION / POSITION / TIME / ALTITUDE / VFR or VFR OTT / DESTINATION
“Traffic, FATP is over St. Thomas at 0200z, 3,000 feet, VFR to London”
What is the time limit with regards to alcohol consumption before flight?
Must not consume alcohol before 12 hours of flight.
If a frequency at an aerodrome is not published, what do you do?
Default frequency is 123.2.
What is an airport?
An aerodrome where a Canadian Aviation document is in force. i.e. certified.
An air taxi operation:
- Single and multi-engine airplanes (NO JET)
- Airplanes with a maximum certified takeoff weight (MCTOW) of up to 8,618kg (19,000lbs)
- Airplanes which carry 9 passengers or less
Commuter operations:
- Multi engine aircraft with a seating capacity of 10-19 passengers and a MCTOW of 8,618kg (19,000lbs)
- Turbojet aircraft with a maximum ZFW of 22,680kg (50,000lbs) and certified to carry up to 19 passengers
Airline operations:
- MCTOW greater than 8,618kg (19,000lbs) and seating fore more than 20 passengers
Flight crew member on standby:
A flight crew member is designated to remain at a specified location in order to report for flight duty in one hour or less.
What are the standards for establishing air routes in uncontrolled airspace in respect to the MOCA to be established?
For IFR flights, a minimum altitude of 2,000’ above MOCA and within 10 miles of centreline of route
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member in any 365 days:
1,200 hours.
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member in any 90 consecutive days:
300 hours.
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member in any 30 consecutive days:
120 hours.
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member in any 7 consecutive days:
60 hours.
Maximum flight time of a flight crew member in single pilot IFR:
8 hours in any 24 consecutive hours.