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4-H > 2021 - 50 questions > Flashcards

2021 - 50 questions Flashcards

1
Q

What ancestor of the dog inhabited earth 54-38 million years ago during the Eocene epoch?

A

the miacia

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2
Q

How is the rickettsia organism that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever transmitted?

A

The bite of the American Dog Tick

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3
Q

Give the common name for 3 species of mites that infect dogs.

A

Ear mites, walking dandruff, chiggers, demodectic mange

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4
Q

Describe a button ear.

A

The ear flap folds forwards with the tip lying close to the skull as to cover the opening

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5
Q

Describe an overshot bite.

A

The incisors of the upper jaw extend past the incisors of the lower jaw

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6
Q

Describe an almond eye.

A

Elongated eye shape around the eye

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7
Q

Describe an otter tail.

A

Thick at the base, round and tapering with the hair parted

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8
Q

Describe the Fiddle Front conformation referring to a dog’s front legs.

A

Forelegs are out at the elbows, the pasterns are close and feet turned out

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9
Q

Regarding conformation, name the 3 types of forequarters.

A

Straight front, down in pastern, knuckled over

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10
Q

Define hindquarter angulation.

A

An angle formed by the upper thigh meets the lower thigh

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11
Q

Regarding conformation, name the 4 types of rear legs.

A

Bandy legs, slightly narrow, cow-hocked, straight

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12
Q

Why are curly coats common in breeds of water dogs?

A

Good at repelling water and is insulation

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13
Q

What 3 kinds of stimulation occur during socialization of puppies?

A

Physical, emotional, and mental stimulation

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14
Q

What are 3 reasons dogs howl?

A

Group vocalization, seek companionship, or in response to high pitches

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15
Q

Describe a dog’s body and tail posture when in a play bow.

A

Body: front and lowered forepaws bent and extended, hind up
Tail: carried up, may have sweeping wags

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16
Q

What is the psychological term for calming signals?

A

Displacement behaviors

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17
Q

What are 3 reasons dogs use calming signals?

A

Maintain health social hierarchy, decrease threat, encourage an approach

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18
Q

When housebreaking your puppy you hear him whine and fuss in the middle of the night after he has been asleep for a while. What should you do?

A

check on the pup and let them out

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19
Q

What 4 terms are used in describing the principles of operant conditioning?

A

Positive, negative, reinforcement, punishment

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20
Q

What are the 4 principles of operant conditioning?

A

Positive reinforcement/punishment and negative reinforcement/punishment

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21
Q

According to Leslie Nelson, what 4 traits do good trainers possess?

A

Quick, generous, unpredictable, variable

22
Q

What is “proofing” your dog, and give 3 examples?

A

Preparing dog for things that might happen: 1) distracting noises, 2)strangers, 3) unfamiliar places, 4) different surfaces

23
Q

Describe how to teach your dog the “down” command using a food lure.

A

Food in front of nose then drop hand and treat down between front paws

24
Q

What are the 3 different stays your dog needs to learn for basic obedience work?

A

The long sit, the long down, the stand for exam

25
Q

What are the 2 ways a dog might do a Finish exercise at the end of the Recall in obedience?

A

Go port (left) do a small circle to heel position, go starboard (right) around behind heel position

26
Q

When performing a Figure 8 in an obedience class, what are 2 things a judge is looking for?

A

The judge is looking for smoothness in handling and change of pace

27
Q

Gaining control of your dog’s head is the first step in stacking. What are the 2 ways this can be achieved?

A

1) Hold dog’s lower jaw and cheek closest to you the handler

2) show lead snug behind ears

28
Q

In showmanship, what is the difference in showing a dog’s bite versus showing a dog’s teeth?

A

Bite: how the front teeth of upper and lower jaw meet
Teeth: show the sides of the teeth as well

29
Q

What is the purpose of Assistance Dogs International, Inc.?

A

To improve the areas of trains, placement, and usage as well as staff and volunteer education

30
Q

What 3 parts of a dog’s external anatomy, in order from front to back, make up the backline?

A

Black, loin, and croup

31
Q

What are 3 major differences when comparing the human skeleton to the canine skeleton?

A

1) Upright posture
2) no collar bone in dogs
3) attached humerus to chest
4) humans walk upright on the entirety of their foot
5) dog’s have up to 319 bones

32
Q

Name 6 internal parasites that can be found in dogs.

A

1) roundworm
2) hookworm
3) whipworm
4) tapeworm
5) heartworm
6) giardia

33
Q

What 2 bones comprise a dog’s forearm?

A

Ulna and radius

34
Q

In reference to a dog’s hair, what does each compound hair follicle contain?

A

Guard hair, and under coat

35
Q

What 5 parts comprise a dog’s cardiovascular system?

A

1) Heart
2) blood vessels
3) spleen
4) lymph nodes
5) bone marrow

36
Q

In the muscular system, what is the function of smooth muscles?

A

Controls movement of organs

37
Q

Where are the withers located on a dog?

A

Top of shoulder blades at the junction of the neck

38
Q

How can you reduce or prevent roundworm infestations in puppies?

A

treating females before, during, or after pregnancy

39
Q

Where are adult heartworms found in dogs?

A

Right chambers of heart, larger blood vessels

40
Q

What are 3 signs of a dog infected with Giardia?

A

Soft stools, diarrhea, and mucus in poop

41
Q

The American dog tick is a three-host tick. What does this mean?

A

Each developmental stage feed on a different host

42
Q

What are the first 3 symptoms of heartworm infestation that typically appear after the adult worms have infested the heart and adjacent blood vessels?

A

Shortness or breath, shallow cough, easily tired

43
Q

What are 3 other names for Demodectic mange?

A

Red mange, puppy mange, follicular mange

44
Q

The most common bite-associated infection transmitted by a dog bite to humans is caused by what type of bacterium?

A

Pasteurella bacterium

45
Q

What are 5 signs of periodontal disease in dogs?

A

1) bad breath
2) inflammation
3) bleeding gums
4) receding gum line
5) tooth loss

46
Q

What are 3 advantages of feeding a dog dry dog food?

A

1) less expensive
2) helps clean teeth
3) fed free choice

47
Q

What are 5 essential amino acids required for dogs?

A

Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lusine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine

48
Q

In addition to large breed dogs perhaps having special protein needs, protein requirements also vary depending on what 5 other factors?

A

Growth, reproductive stages, activity level, age, health

49
Q

What are the 4 stages of a bitch’s estrous cycle?

A

1) anestrus, 2) proestrus, 3) estrus, 4) diestrus

50
Q

What is the definition of zoonosis?

A

Disease passed from animals to humans or vice versa

4-H (1 decks)

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