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BIOLOGY > 2018 P2 > Flashcards

2018 P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Heat stress decreases the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Explain why this leads to a decrease in the light-independent reaction. (2)

A

Less ATP

Less NADPH

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2
Q

A decrease in the activity of the enzyme rubisco would limit the rate of photosynthesis. Explain (2)

A

Less CO2 reacts with RuBP and less GP

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3
Q

Where precisely is rubisco found in a cell? (1)

A

Stroma

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4
Q

The scientists concluded that heat stress reduces the activity of rubisco in plant leaves by affecting rubisco activate. Evaluate (4)

A

Rubisco activity increases with temperature
Rubisco actives activity decreases at higher temperatures (over 30c)
Graphs suggest activase doesn’t affect activity of rubisco
However, no stats test

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5
Q

Tick a box next to the statement which describes which describes incorrectly the effect of the mutation in an exon of a gene (1)

A
  1. An inversion will result in a change in the number of DNA bases
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6
Q

How many tumour cells present after 4 weeks? (2)

A

1.9 x 10^25

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7
Q

Suggest one reason why it was important that the student left the apparatus for one hour after the yeast culture reached a constant temperature. (1)

A

so the oxygen is used

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8
Q

During her investigation the coloured liquid moved to the right. Explain why (2)

A

Anaerobic respiration produces CO2

which causes an increase in PRESSURE

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9
Q

Calculate the volume of gas produced in cm3 hour-1

A

4.9 x 10-4

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10
Q

Explain why a log scale is used to record he number of cells (1)

A

Large range of numbers

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11
Q

Many yeast cells die during the death phase. Why? (1)

A

Decrease in glucose

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12
Q

2000 yeast cells population after 10 hours. with given calculation (2)

A

297766

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13
Q

Describe how you would determine the mean percentage cover for beach grass on a sand dune (3)

A

Set up a numbered grid on the sand dune. Use a random number generator to select sections to be measured. Use a large sample size of quadrat sections. Divide total percentage by number of quadrats to find mean percentage cover.

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14
Q

The scientists concluded the results were due to succession. Explain why using Figure 5. (4)

A

Beach grass is PIONEER SPECIES
Pioneers change ABIOTIC FACTORS
so LESS HOSTILE for named species
Conifer and hardwood tress represent CLIMAX community

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15
Q

Use Figure 5 to explain Figure 6. (trees) (1)

A

Trees block sunlight

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16
Q

What can you conclude about the NPP in the sand dunes that are older than 1000 years?

A

NPP remains constant

GPP AND RESPIRATION constant

17
Q

Suggest and explain one reason why they were given the same food (2)

A

Affects water potential of blood

Affects volume of urine produced

18
Q

What can you conclude about the effectiveness of furosemide and CVT in the removal of excess fluid from the body (2)

A

Furosemide and CVT more effective than placebo

Significant difference as SDs do not overlap

19
Q

Suggest how furosemide would cause a decrease in blood pressure. (1)

A

Lower VOLUME of blood

20
Q

Explain how furosemide causes an increase in the volume of urine produced and where (3)

A

Water potential of filtrate decreased
Less water reabsorbed BY OSMOSIS from filtrate
Collecting duct is where this osmosis occurs

21
Q

In genetic crosses, the observed phenotypic ratios obtained in the offspring are often not the same as the expected ratios. Suggest two reasons why (2)

A

SMALL sample size

Fertilisation of gametes is RANDOM

22
Q

What would be the genotype of the offspring with dwarf plants and mottled leaves? (1)
T tall
M normal

A

ttmm

23
Q

Explain results (mottled leaves dwarf plant one) (3)

A

Genes are LINKED
Produces FEW tall, mottled and dwarf, normal offspring
CROSSING OVER has occured

24
Q

Ratio of offspring (mottled leaves dwarf plants one) (2)

A

9:3:3:1
9= tall normal
1= dwarf mottled

25
Q

What is meant by a genome? (1)

A

ALL THE DNA in an organism

26
Q

Explain why the antibody binds to the transcription factor (2)

A

Transcriptional factor has a specific TERTIARY STRUCTURE

so is COMPLEMENTARY to the antibody

27
Q

Describe how farming cattle as a source of milk could have led to an increase in LP (4)

A

LP due to mutation
Milk provides GLUCOSE
Individuals with LP more likely to survive and reproduce
DIRECTIONAL selection occurs

28
Q

Explain why the number of people showing LP would rapidly increase once selection for this condition had been established. (2)

A

DOMINANT allele ALWAYS expressed when present in offspring

29
Q

Suggest and explain how this mutation causes LP (2)

A

Mutation in promoter for transcription factor

Lactase gene continues to be transcribed

BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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