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4th year > 2018 F > Flashcards

2018 F Flashcards

1
Q

You are using stainless steel files in a 20° curved canal.
Give 4 complications that may occur during instrumentation? (4)

A

File Fracture
perforation
loss of patency
exceed tooth apex

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2
Q

What is the ProTaper sequence for preparing canal to 0.25mm after working length determined and straight line access achieved? (6).

A
  • S1
  • SX
  • S1 (WL)
  • S2 (WL)
  • F1 (WL)
  • F2 (WL)
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3
Q

Advantage of using non-ƴ2 amalgam?

A
  • Higher corrosion resistance
  • Less creep
  • Higher early strength
  • Increased durability of margins
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4
Q

How is ƴ2 removed from improved amalgam?

A
  • Y2 + Ag-Cu > Cu6Sn5 T Y1
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5
Q

Why was zinc added to amalgam?

A
  • Scavenger properties – preferentially oxidises & slag form/removal.
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6
Q

What occurs as a result of the presence of zinc in amalgam?

A
  • Upwards and downwards expansion/pressure
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7
Q

What is the mechanism in which zinc causes upwards and downwards expansion/pressure within amalgam restorations?

A
  • Zinc reacts with saliva & blood
  • Zn + H2O > ZnO + H2
  • Bubbles of H2 build up and create pressure & expansion
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8
Q

What symptom does the patient experience as a result of upwards and downwards expansion/pressure within amalgam restorations?

A
  • Pulpal Pain
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9
Q

How would you work out the aetiology of the discolouration of an upper central which has experienced trauma?

A
  • Clinical inspection of the tooth > what colour is it exactly.
  • Ask patient how it happened
  • Take PA radiographs
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10
Q

What factors would you check prior to treatment of a discoloured tooth that had experienced trauma?

A
  • Is the tooth still vital?
  • Is there any apical pathology?
  • mobility
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11
Q

What treatment options are there for a discoloured tooth that had experienced trauma?

A
  • External bleaching
  • Primary endodontics
  • Internal bleaching
  • Extraction & prosthetic replacement
  • Direct or indirect restoration
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12
Q

Patient presents with MCC from upper central in hand.
Features of tooth that will allow successful retreatment?

A
  • Quality of remaining sound tooth tissue
  • Mobility
  • Is there a fracture and what kind
  • Tooth tissue remaining; ferrule than 2mm; crown:root ratio 1:1
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13
Q

Patient presents with MCC from upper central in hand. short term options to replace tooth and explain?

A
  • Rebond the fractured MCC
  • Vacuum formed splint to hold the MCC in place
  • Overdenture to keep the space
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14
Q

Paediatric dentistry: 3 pretreatment records you would take for a discoloured tooth?

A
  • Clinical Photos
  • Shade
  • Sensibility testing
  • Radiographs if clinically indicated
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15
Q

8 steps in Microabrasion technique?

A
  • Place Dry Dam & Wedjets
  • Sodium bicarbonate placed behind teeth
  • HCL Pumice slurry in slowly rotating rubber cup – 5 secs
  • Rinse directly into aspirator
  • Inspect shade and shape
  • Replace sodium bicarbonate
  • Repeat 5 seconds with HCL slurry: 10 x 5 secs
  • Apply profluoride varnish
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16
Q

1 warning for patient post microabrasion?

A
  • Avoid highly coloured foods for at least 24 hours
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17
Q

Name and concentration of substance used for vital bleaching?

A
  • 10% carbamide peroxide gel
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18
Q

2 process based clinical audit topics?

A
  • – Medical / smoking / alcohol consumption recorded
  • – Brief smoking cessation advice to smokers
  • – Fluoride varnish applied to teeth of all children
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19
Q

2 clinical outcome based clinical audit topics?

A
  • – Repeat radiographs
  • – Percentage of failed endodontics within defined time period
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20
Q

3 other types of formal quality improvement activity mentioned in NHS Scotland ‘terms of service’? (3) 3 brief definitions of these? (3)

A
    • Peer Review provides an opportunity for groups of dentists to get together
      to review aspects of practice. The aim is to share experiences and identify
      areas in which changes can be made with the objective of improving the quality of care/service offered to patients, share learning and implement
      change.
    • Research project involves participation in formal / approved research project within Scottish Dental Practice Based Research Network (SDPBRN)
    • Significant Event Analysis - 7 steps
  • Identify the event
  • Collect and collate information
  • Set up a meeting to discuss events
  • Meet and undertake a structured analysis – What? Why? Learned?
  • Implement changes and monitor progress
  • Write up the SEA
  • Seek external comment / feedback
    • Scottish Patient Safety Initiative
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21
Q

Which gland to biopsy for Sjogren’s Syndrome?

A
  • Lip minor salivary gland
22
Q

Histological features to expect in Sjogren’s?

A
  • Lymphocytic infiltrates within salivary glands
23
Q

A 3 year old presents with trauma to 61. What reasons might you suspect that the trauma was non-accidental?

A
  • bruising on head & neck
  • If the description of the chain of events doesn’t make sense
  • Delay in presenting
  • Injuries on both sides of the body
24
Q

effects of trauma on deciduous teeth? (2)

A
  • Discolouration
  • Delayed exfoliation
  • Infection
25
Q

4 effects of trauma on permanent successor?

A
  • Enamel defects
  • Delayed eruption
  • Failure of tooth formation
  • Abnormal tooth/root morphology
26
Q

2 treatment options for missing anterior? (2)

A
  • Close space – fixed appliance
  • Open space – partial denture/conventional bridgework
27
Q

3 members of multidisciplinary team for treatment of hypodontia?

A
  • Orthodontist
  • Orthodontic Technician
  • General Dental Practictioner
28
Q

Primary + Permanent Hypodontia incidence percentage?

A

1-2%

29
Q

Syndromes associated with Hypodontia? (2)

A
  • Cleft lip/palate
  • Anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
30
Q

When to treat anterior crossbite? (1)

A
  • When there is an anterior crossbite with 2mm discrepancy between retruded contact position and cuspal position
31
Q

3 features that make URA useful for treating crossbites?

A
  • Tip teeth, open bites, maintain space
32
Q

2 ways to assess A/P relationship clinically? (2)

A
  • Lateral view of patients head & face. Approximate/measure how far ahead/behind the maxilla sits in relation to the mandible.
  • Middle finger placed in lower anterior sulcus & index finger placed in upper anterior sulcus
33
Q

2 ways to assess Vertical relationship clinically?

A
  • Lateral view of patients head & face. Visualise line from border of mandible meeting line extending from Frankfurt plane and determine where the meeting of these two lines sits in proximity to the occipital bone.
34
Q

Definition of Class I skeletal relationship?

A
  • Maxilla sits 2-3mm in front of the mandible
35
Q

Definition of Class III incisor relationship?

A
  • Mandible sits in front of the maxilla
36
Q

What would ANB of 8 indicate regarding skeletal relationship?

A
  • Moderate Class II
37
Q

What is a balancing extraction and when is it done?

A
  • Extraction of the same tooth from the opposite side of the same arch
  • To prevent centre line shift
38
Q

List 6 signs and symptoms of mandibular fracture other than pain, swelling and bruising?

A
  • Numbness of lower lip
  • Loose/mobile teeth
  • Facial asymmetry
  • Occlusal derangement
  • Deviation of the mandible to the opposite side
  • bleeding
39
Q

2 radiographic views for a mandibular fracture?

A
  • OPT
  • PA Mandible
40
Q

Factors which could cause a fracture to displace?

A
  • Pull of attached muscle
  • Angulation and direction of fracture line
  • Integrity of periosteum
41
Q

3 management options of a mandibular fracture?

A
  • Reduction
  • Fixation
  • Immobilisation
  • Rehabilitation
42
Q

Patient presents with intra-oral pain, swelling, discharge. Feeling slightly unwell and mild facial swelling.
6 things from history, extra-oral exam and investigations to check prior to intra-oral exam?

A
  • Can they still breath okay (infection/swelling hasn’t spread to the airways)
  • How long have the symptoms been present?
  • have they been prescribed any antibiotics already by a GP?
43
Q

Patient presents with intra-oral pain, swelling, discharge. Feeling slightly unwell and mild facial swelling. Describe immediate management of this? (5)

A
  • XLA of infected tooth
  • Prescribe amoxicillin
  • Extra-oral/intra-oral drainage
  • Referral to GDH Oral Surgery department/Maxfac A&E
44
Q

Two main nerves at risk of damage from 3rd molar extraction and what they supply? (2).

A
  • IAN – sensation to lower lip and buccal gingival tissues
  • Lingual nerve – sensation to the posterior of tongue
45
Q

elements of caries risk assessment? (3)

A
  • Fluoride
  • Previous Caries
  • Saliva
  • Social
  • Sugar Frequency
  • Family Hx
46
Q

toothbrushing instructions to mother of 2 year old child? (4)

A
  • Assist them with brushing their teeth
  • Brush their teeth in the morning & evening
  • Don’t let them take juice/milk to bed – only water & 20 mins after brushing
  • Use a smear of 1250 ppm fluoride toothpaste
47
Q

3 practice-based preventative measures? (3).

A
  • Fissure Sealants
  • Fluoride Varnish
  • OHI
48
Q

Picture of quantiflex machine?
Give 3 indications for this type of sedation? (3)

A
  • Needle Phobia
  • Anxiety
  • Medical conditions aggravated by stress
49
Q

Give 3 advantages of inhalation sedation over IV sedation? (3)

A
  • Flexible duration
  • No injection
  • Drug isn’t metabolised
50
Q

Give 4 safety features of quantiflex machine? (4).

A
  • Pin index system – prevents wrong cylinder being attached
  • Diameter index system – prevents cross connection of piping
  • Minimum oxygen delivery 30%
  • Oxygen fail safe – operates when oxygen pressure < 40 psi

4th year (4 decks)

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