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B Wastewater Study Guide > 2018 C Water Study Guide > Flashcards

2018 C Water Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 parameters are used in the Langelier Index?

A

PH.Temp.Total Alkalinity.Calcium.

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2
Q

A negative Langelier Index indicates what?

A

Water is corrosive.

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3
Q

The Langelier Index is used to?

A

Find out if water is corrosive

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4
Q

What do colder temps do to water in Sedimentation?

A

Causes flock to settle at a slower rate.

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5
Q

When taking a sample for coliform, what is okay?

A

Set cap on clean surface.

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6
Q

Most expensive aeration device?

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

First symptom when inhaling fluoride?

A

Biting pain in the nose; nose bleed.

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8
Q

The MCL for Trihalomethanes?

A

0.08mg/l

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9
Q

In ion exchange softening which ions are exchanged?

A

Ca and Mg are exchanged for Na (Sodium).

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10
Q

The 4 stages of the operation of an ion exchange softener are?

A

Service, Backwash, Brine, Rinse.

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11
Q

Drinking water should be free of what?

A

Bacteria and Toxins.

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12
Q

One ton Cl2 tanks have how many fusible plugs?

A

6 to 8

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13
Q

The advantage of vacuum system chlorinators are?

A

Safer Operation.

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14
Q

What is the advantage of using monochloramines (Chloramines) for disinfection?

A

Less chance of THM formation.

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15
Q

What is a cross connection?

A

A connection between a drinking water supply and an unapproved water supply.

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15
Q

Lime and alum sludge are never mixed why?

A

Could cause an explosion.

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15
Q

What effect does Cl2 gas have on water?

A

Lowers the PH

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16
Q

A Venturi meter, propeller meter, etc., are used to measure what?

A

Flows

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16
Q

A common problem due to algae is?

A

Taste and Odors

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16
Q

What does lime do to PH?

A

Increases

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17
Q

The formula for Alum is?

A

Al2(SO4)3

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18
Q

What chemical is used to remove non-carbonate hardness?

A

Soda-Ash

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19
Q

What is the MCL for coliforms based on?

A

Presence and Absence

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20
Q

After being notified of a failed sample, how long for resample?

A

24 Hours

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21
Q

What is the secondary MCL for TDS?

A

500 mg/l

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22
Q

Why should Alum sludge never be applied to agricultural land?

A

It causes soil to harden.

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23
Q

What is between the impeller and volute?

A

Wear ring.

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23
Q

What is the cause for musty, fishy, and grassy odors in raw water?

A

Algal blooms.

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24
Q

Always do what with acid?

A

Add acid to water and wear eye protection.

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25
Q

An electrical fire is what class?

A

C Class

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25
Q

A unit that combines coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation?

A

Solids contact unit.

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26
Q

Minimum contact/detention time in the flocculation basin when on conventional filtration?

A

30 Minutes

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27
Q

What is an Artesian Aquifer?

A

Water under pressure and rises to the surface.

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28
Q

What is the most common problem encountered with RO operation or membrane filtration?

A

Fouling of the membrane.

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29
Q

What is the most probable cause for violating the MCL for coliform count?

A

Low Cl2 Residual.

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30
Q

Media shrinking, cracking, and mud balls are all likely caused by?

A

Improper backwashing techniques.

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31
Q

The effluent from an RO unit is called?

A

Permeate

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32
Q

The increase in nutrients in a lake or reservoir is termed?

A

Eutrophication

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33
Q

What is the purpose of flash mixing and how long?

A

To rapidly mix chemicals; several seconds

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34
Q

What happens when you close the brine flow to an RO unit?

A

Fouling/damage to the membrane

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35
Q

At what PH will bicarbonate alkalinity start changing to carbonate alkalinity?

A

8.3

36
Q

Reservoirs that are low in nutrients as well as aquatic animal and plant life?

A

Oligotrophic

37
Q

If your total alkalinity is 160, and the phenolphthalein alkalinity is 81, what is the hydroxide alkalinity? (2P-TA=OH)

A

The answer is 2

38
Q

Why is carbon dioxide dangerous to work around?

A

The possibility of suffocating

39
Q

THM’s are produced faster at a higher?

A

Temp. and PH

40
Q

Initial PH=8.7, Final PH=9.1; Initial Hardness=34 mg/L, Final Hardness=38 mg/L. What is this a result of and what does it mean?

A

A Marble test, and it means the water is undersaturated and corrosive.

41
Q

What two types of lime are used in the lime softening process?

A

Hydrated lime and Quicklime

42
Q

What is the removal of odor-producing substances that are volatile called?

A

Degasification

43
Q

What would you clean a RO membrane with?

A

Acid/Citric Acid

44
Q

How is PAC (powdered activated carbon) removed from a plant during treatment?

A

Filtration

45
Q

Chemical solution pumps are?

A

Positive displacement pumps

46
Q

A pre-coat of what is required to dewater gelatinous (jelly like) alum sludge?

A

Diatomaceous Earth

47
Q

When raw water quality changes what adjustments may need to be made?

A

Coagulant Dosage

48
Q

The jar test should be run at least daily and more often when?

A

The quality of raw water changes

49
Q

What is earth composed mainly of the skeletal remains of diatoms?

A

Diatomaceous Earth

49
Q

How many pounds of Cl2 can be removed from a 150lb cylinder within 24 hrs?

A

40lbs

50
Q

What removes Cl2 residual out of a sample bottle?

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

51
Q

When the MCL is violated with an “Acute Heath Risk” for fecal coliform notify within?

A

24 Hours

52
Q

If you cannot tell a filter needs backwashing by headloss, how else can you tell?

A

Turbidity

52
Q

The speed in a flocculator should be what in lower temps?

A

Increased

53
Q

Metallic corrosion in potable water is always the result of an electrochemical reaction or?

A

The Galvanic cell

54
Q

What is the first thing you do when you get to a plant?

A

Review what happened on the previous shift (log books)

55
Q

How do you identify a coliform colony on the membrane filter method?

A

Metallic surface sheen

56
Q

Upon residual analysis of a system using hypochlorination the Cl2 residual has continuously decreased over a given time period, what is the cause?

A

Hole in the supply line

56
Q

What is the primary purpose of water treatment?

A

Provide safe and contaminant free water (free of toxins and harmful bacteria)

56
Q

What has a medicinal smell?

A

Chlorophenol (Phenols)

57
Q

How many mg/L of Cl2 does it take to oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfur & water?

A

2.08mg/L of Cl2 to 1mg/L of Hydrogen Sulfide

58
Q

What do you sample for at the effluent end of treatment, before the distribution system?

A

Turbidity

58
Q

What can cause the freezing of a chlorine tank (valves?)?

A

Cl2 reliquefied in the lines

59
Q

When would you include Secondary MCL violations in your consumer report?

A

Whenever the secondary MCL is violated

59
Q

What are 2 chemical characteristics of water?

A

Organic & Inorganic

60
Q

When using aeration to oxidize iron & lab results show a high PH you can determine that the rate of precipitation will?

A

Increase ( the higher the PH the more iron can be removed)

60
Q

If you have a small pore size in a pressure cartridge vessel what will be needed?

A

Increased Pressure

61
Q

Limit for: Iron =
Manganese =

A

0.3mg/l
0.05mg/l

62
Q

Carbonate hardness removed by?

A

Lime Only

63
Q

Fatal doses of fluoride?

A

4-5g, about a tablespoon

64
Q

Recarbonation

A

Lowers PH

64
Q

Non-Carbonate hardness removed by?

A

Both Lime and Soda

65
Q

Colloidal particulates removed by?

A

Chemical treatment and filtration

65
Q

A vacuum filter press process control step is to do what?

A

The belt is washed before it reenters vat

65
Q

Removing minerals from water: Phase change=
Nonphase change=

A

Freezing or distillation.
Reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion exchange

66
Q

Tubular membrane used to?

A

Treat wastewater with high suspended solids concentration

67
Q

Air stripping feature to better enhance process?

A

Counter flow to air

68
Q

Who hires plant safety policies and security?

A

Management

69
Q

What reduces the formation of THM’s in water?

A

Lower PH

69
Q

Do not do this when sampling for coliform?

A

Place Cap on Counter

70
Q

If you need to lower hydroxide from a +12 to a +5 or+8, how would you lower it?

A

Carbon Dioxide

71
Q

What season produces the most THM’s?

A

Summer

72
Q

What chemical would you use as a pre-treatment in an R.O. unit to slow hydrolysis?

A

ACID

73
Q

Lime and what removes noncarbonate hardness?

A

Soda Ash

74
Q

What do you do if the temp decreases in a flash mixer?

A

Increase mixer

75
Q

What is tapered energy mixing?

A

Reducing the surface area or paddle size

76
Q

What is the minimum detention time in the coagulation/flocculation basin?

A

30 Min

77
Q

The pressure in the distribution system should never drop below what p.s.i?

A

20 PSI

77
Q

How long after a total coliform positive test do you have to re-sample?

A

24 Hours

78
Q

What is the minimum residual allowed in the distribution system?

A

0.2

79
Q

What is the number of bacteriological samples based on?

A

System Population

80
Q

How is P.A.C (powder activated carbon) removed from the system before distribution?

A

Filtration

81
Q

What type of valve is at the end of a well?

A

Foot Valve

82
Q

What is used to measure water depth?

A

Bubbler Tube

B Wastewater Study Guide (5 decks)

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