2018-19

Question 1

Refractory coeliac disease can progress to

Answer 1

T cell lymphoma

Question 2

Gastric Marginal Zone lymphomas are most associated with

Answer 2

H. pylori infection

Question 3

Which of the following is not a common late side effect of radiotherapy

Answer 3

Indigestion

Question 4

In relation to prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in which of the following?

Answer 4

Diagnosis and monitoring

Question 5

Which of these tumours is NOT related to obesity?

Answer 5

Gastric Cancer

Question 6

Which of the following derives from smooth muscle

Answer 6

leiomyoma

Question 7

Which type of mutation is most likely to directly activate an oncogene ?

Answer 7

An amino acid change (missense)

Question 8

Asbestos typically causes mesothelioma after at least

Answer 8

30 years

Question 9

In the context of malignancy the tumour stage refers to

Answer 9

How far the tumour has spread

Question 10

A chest x-ray shows multiple ill-defined round opacities throughout both lung fields. This is most likely to represent

Answer 10

Metastatic Renal cell carcinoma

Question 11

Skeletal muscle may grow physiologically through

Answer 11

hypertrophy

Question 12

Which of the following is not a term used to describe cancer treatment intent?

Answer 12

ablative

Question 13

Radiation kills cells mainly via interaction with:

Answer 13

DNA strands

Question 14

Which of these viruses is responsible for a subset of malignancies

Answer 14

Epstein Barr virus

Question 15

Metaplasia refers to

Answer 15

a reversible change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type

Question 16

The drug Herceptin targets

Answer 16

epidermal growth factor receptor

Question 17

Which of these patients is most likely to have Lynch syndrome?

Answer 17

48 year old with endometrial (uterine) cancer and colonic polyps

Question 18

A 27-year-old woman is worried by her risk of breast cancer. Her mother died at 32 from breast cancer. Her mother has two sisters and a brother. One of these sisters is alive, having been affected with breast cancer at 76, a second survived ovarian cancer at 40 and the brother has prostate cancer at 60.

Which family member should you test first for a BRCA1 mutation ?

Answer 18

The sister who survived ovarian cancer

Question 19

A 45 year old female is confirmed to have a malignant tumour in the upper lobe of the right lung. Where does lung cancer NOT commonly metastasise to?

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

Small cell carcinoma of the lung may result in

Answer 20

excess production of anti diuretic hormone

Question 21

The following is a risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 21

Plummer Vinson syndrome

Question 22

Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are most commonly located

Answer 22

centrally within the lung

Question 23

Which of these neoplasms has metastatic potential?

Answer 23

A T1 colorectal adenocarcinoma

Question 24

Which of these patients should be referred for investigation of an inherited cancer syndrome?

Answer 24

38 year old female with a caecal adenocarcinoma and 6 other right sided polypoid lesions

Question 25

Cancers in Lynch Syndrome are more common

Answer 25

in the ascending colon

Question 26

Which of the following is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

Answer 26

IBD

Question 27

Hepatocellular carcinoma is most strongly associated with

Answer 27

hepatitis C

Question 28

Which tissue grows physiologically by a process of hyperplasia?

Answer 28

smooth muscle

Question 29

What is the commonest pattern of Inheritance for risk of cancer ?

Answer 29

Multifactorial inheritance

Question 30

Which of these is a malignant lesion

Answer 30

hepatoma

Question 31

Mesothelioma is associated with which type of asbestos fibre?

Answer 31

chrysotile

Question 32

36 A chest radiograph undertaken on a 78 year old female smoker reveals a 4cm mass projected over the left upper zone. On further questioning she reports a cough for many months, several episodes on haemoptysis and weight loss of at least 1 stone over the past month. What would be be best way to investigate further?

Answer 32

Contrast enhanced CT chest and abdomen

Question 33

Which of these tumours is most strongly associated with smoking

Answer 33

pulmonary small cell carcinoma

Question 34

For a potential tumour marker, which of the following test characteristics is most important in the diagnosis of malignancy?

Answer 34

sensitivity

Question 35

A healthy 42 year old woman has a mother who was affected with bowel cancer at the age of 75, but here is no other family history of cancer. How would you best describe your patient's risk of developing bowel cancer ?

Answer 35

marginally higher than population risk

Question 36

A 57 year old man presents with rectal bleeding and altered bowel habit. PR examination reveals a palpable rectal mass which when biopsied at the time of colonoscopy is confirmed as malignant . What radiological investigations should be undertaken to stage this cancer?

Answer 36

Contrast enhanced CT chest, abdomen and pelvis plus MRI rectum

Question 37

Carcinoma refers to malignant cells originating from

Answer 37

epithelium

Question 38

p53 can cause cell cycle arrest

Answer 38

between G1 and S phase

Question 39

A mutation in a promoter is likely to result in

Answer 39

absence of protein

Question 40

Which of the following is not a recorded endpoint after cancer treatment?

Answer 40

toxicity free survival

Question 41

Grading of malignancy describes

Answer 41

the degree of cytological atypia

Question 42

Which of the statements below about tumour markers do you think is most likely to be correct?

Answer 42

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) alpha feto protein(ASP) are widely used as tumour markers to monitor germ cell tumours (eg testes)

Question 43

Which of these pathological findings is likely to be associated with the worst outcome?

Answer 43

Low grade adenocarcinoma, T2N0Mx, incompletely excised

Question 44

Abnormalities in mismatch repair proteins as seen in Lynch Syndrome can be identified by

Answer 44

the presence of microsatellite instability

Question 45

Which of the following is not a type of cytotoxic chemotherapy

Answer 45

telomere inhibitor

Question 46

The Human Papilloma Virus promotes carcinogenesis by

Answer 46

degrading normally produced p53