2018-19 Flashcards
Refractory coeliac disease can progress to
T cell lymphoma
Gastric Marginal Zone lymphomas are most associated with
H. pylori infection
Which of the following is not a common late side effect of radiotherapy
Indigestion
In relation to prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in which of the following?
Diagnosis and monitoring
Which of these tumours is NOT related to obesity?
Gastric Cancer
Which of the following derives from smooth muscle
leiomyoma
Which type of mutation is most likely to directly activate an oncogene ?
An amino acid change (missense)
Asbestos typically causes mesothelioma after at least
30 years
In the context of malignancy the tumour stage refers to
How far the tumour has spread
A chest x-ray shows multiple ill-defined round opacities throughout both lung fields. This is most likely to represent
Metastatic Renal cell carcinoma
Skeletal muscle may grow physiologically through
hypertrophy
Which of the following is not a term used to describe cancer treatment intent?
ablative
Radiation kills cells mainly via interaction with:
DNA strands
Which of these viruses is responsible for a subset of malignancies
Epstein Barr virus
Metaplasia refers to
a reversible change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type
The drug Herceptin targets
epidermal growth factor receptor
Which of these patients is most likely to have Lynch syndrome?
48 year old with endometrial (uterine) cancer and colonic polyps
A 27-year-old woman is worried by her risk of breast cancer. Her mother died at 32 from breast cancer. Her mother has two sisters and a brother. One of these sisters is alive, having been affected with breast cancer at 76, a second survived ovarian cancer at 40 and the brother has prostate cancer at 60.
Which family member should you test first for a BRCA1 mutation ?
The sister who survived ovarian cancer
A 45 year old female is confirmed to have a malignant tumour in the upper lobe of the right lung. Where does lung cancer NOT commonly metastasise to?
spleen
Small cell carcinoma of the lung may result in
excess production of anti diuretic hormone
The following is a risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Plummer Vinson syndrome
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are most commonly located
centrally within the lung
Which of these neoplasms has metastatic potential?
A T1 colorectal adenocarcinoma
Which of these patients should be referred for investigation of an inherited cancer syndrome?
38 year old female with a caecal adenocarcinoma and 6 other right sided polypoid lesions
Cancers in Lynch Syndrome are more common
in the ascending colon
Which of the following is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?
IBD
Hepatocellular carcinoma is most strongly associated with
hepatitis C
Which tissue grows physiologically by a process of hyperplasia?
smooth muscle
What is the commonest pattern of Inheritance for risk of cancer ?
Multifactorial inheritance
Which of these is a malignant lesion
hepatoma
Mesothelioma is associated with which type of asbestos fibre?
chrysotile
36 A chest radiograph undertaken on a 78 year old female smoker reveals a 4cm mass projected over the left upper zone. On further questioning she reports a cough for many months, several episodes on haemoptysis and weight loss of at least 1 stone over the past month. What would be be best way to investigate further?
Contrast enhanced CT chest and abdomen
Which of these tumours is most strongly associated with smoking
pulmonary small cell carcinoma
For a potential tumour marker, which of the following test characteristics is most important in the diagnosis of malignancy?
sensitivity
A healthy 42 year old woman has a mother who was affected with bowel cancer at the age of 75, but here is no other family history of cancer.
How would you best describe your patient’s risk of developing bowel cancer ?
marginally higher than population risk
A 57 year old man presents with rectal bleeding and altered bowel habit. PR examination reveals a palpable rectal mass which when biopsied at the time of colonoscopy is confirmed as malignant .
What radiological investigations should be undertaken to stage this cancer?
Contrast enhanced CT chest, abdomen and pelvis plus MRI rectum
Carcinoma refers to malignant cells originating from
epithelium
p53 can cause cell cycle arrest
between G1 and S phase
A mutation in a promoter is likely to result in
absence of protein
Which of the following is not a recorded endpoint after cancer treatment?
toxicity free survival
Grading of malignancy describes
the degree of cytological atypia
Which of the statements below about tumour markers do you think is most likely to be correct?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) alpha feto protein(ASP) are widely used as tumour markers to monitor germ cell tumours (eg testes)
Which of these pathological findings is likely to be associated with the worst outcome?
Low grade adenocarcinoma, T2N0Mx, incompletely excised
Abnormalities in mismatch repair proteins as seen in Lynch Syndrome can be identified by
the presence of microsatellite instability
Which of the following is not a type of cytotoxic chemotherapy
telomere inhibitor
The Human Papilloma Virus promotes carcinogenesis by
degrading normally produced p53
