Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLASP Qs > 2018-19 > Flashcards

2018-19 Flashcards

1
Q

Refractory coeliac disease can progress to

A

T cell lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastric Marginal Zone lymphomas are most associated with

A

H. pylori infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is not a common late side effect of radiotherapy

A

Indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In relation to prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in which of the following?

A

Diagnosis and monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of these tumours is NOT related to obesity?

A

Gastric Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following derives from smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of mutation is most likely to directly activate an oncogene ?

A

An amino acid change (missense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asbestos typically causes mesothelioma after at least

A

30 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the context of malignancy the tumour stage refers to

A

How far the tumour has spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A chest x-ray shows multiple ill-defined round opacities throughout both lung fields. This is most likely to represent

A

Metastatic Renal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skeletal muscle may grow physiologically through

A

hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following is not a term used to describe cancer treatment intent?

A

ablative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiation kills cells mainly via interaction with:

A

DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of these viruses is responsible for a subset of malignancies

A

Epstein Barr virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metaplasia refers to

A

a reversible change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The drug Herceptin targets

A

epidermal growth factor receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of these patients is most likely to have Lynch syndrome?

A

48 year old with endometrial (uterine) cancer and colonic polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A 27-year-old woman is worried by her risk of breast cancer. Her mother died at 32 from breast cancer. Her mother has two sisters and a brother. One of these sisters is alive, having been affected with breast cancer at 76, a second survived ovarian cancer at 40 and the brother has prostate cancer at 60.

Which family member should you test first for a BRCA1 mutation ?

A

The sister who survived ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A 45 year old female is confirmed to have a malignant tumour in the upper lobe of the right lung. Where does lung cancer NOT commonly metastasise to?

A

spleen

20
Q

Small cell carcinoma of the lung may result in

A

excess production of anti diuretic hormone

21
Q

The following is a risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

22
Q

Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are most commonly located

A

centrally within the lung

23
Q

Which of these neoplasms has metastatic potential?

A

A T1 colorectal adenocarcinoma

24
Q

Which of these patients should be referred for investigation of an inherited cancer syndrome?

A

38 year old female with a caecal adenocarcinoma and 6 other right sided polypoid lesions

25
Q

Cancers in Lynch Syndrome are more common

A

in the ascending colon

26
Q

Which of the following is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A

IBD

27
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma is most strongly associated with

A

hepatitis C

28
Q

Which tissue grows physiologically by a process of hyperplasia?

A

smooth muscle

29
Q

What is the commonest pattern of Inheritance for risk of cancer ?

A

Multifactorial inheritance

30
Q

Which of these is a malignant lesion

A

hepatoma

31
Q

Mesothelioma is associated with which type of asbestos fibre?

A

chrysotile

32
Q

36 A chest radiograph undertaken on a 78 year old female smoker reveals a 4cm mass projected over the left upper zone. On further questioning she reports a cough for many months, several episodes on haemoptysis and weight loss of at least 1 stone over the past month. What would be be best way to investigate further?

A

Contrast enhanced CT chest and abdomen

33
Q

Which of these tumours is most strongly associated with smoking

A

pulmonary small cell carcinoma

34
Q

For a potential tumour marker, which of the following test characteristics is most important in the diagnosis of malignancy?

A

sensitivity

35
Q

A healthy 42 year old woman has a mother who was affected with bowel cancer at the age of 75, but here is no other family history of cancer.

How would you best describe your patient’s risk of developing bowel cancer ?

A

marginally higher than population risk

36
Q

A 57 year old man presents with rectal bleeding and altered bowel habit. PR examination reveals a palpable rectal mass which when biopsied at the time of colonoscopy is confirmed as malignant .

What radiological investigations should be undertaken to stage this cancer?

A

Contrast enhanced CT chest, abdomen and pelvis plus MRI rectum

37
Q

Carcinoma refers to malignant cells originating from

A

epithelium

38
Q

p53 can cause cell cycle arrest

A

between G1 and S phase

39
Q

A mutation in a promoter is likely to result in

A

absence of protein

40
Q

Which of the following is not a recorded endpoint after cancer treatment?

A

toxicity free survival

41
Q

Grading of malignancy describes

A

the degree of cytological atypia

42
Q

Which of the statements below about tumour markers do you think is most likely to be correct?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) alpha feto protein(ASP) are widely used as tumour markers to monitor germ cell tumours (eg testes)

43
Q

Which of these pathological findings is likely to be associated with the worst outcome?

A

Low grade adenocarcinoma, T2N0Mx, incompletely excised

44
Q

Abnormalities in mismatch repair proteins as seen in Lynch Syndrome can be identified by

A

the presence of microsatellite instability

45
Q

Which of the following is not a type of cytotoxic chemotherapy

A

telomere inhibitor

46
Q

The Human Papilloma Virus promotes carcinogenesis by

A

degrading normally produced p53

CLASP Qs (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions