2017 Past Paper

Question 1

What did the change from class-based to classless mean?

Answer 1

meant that the divider between the network and the host does not have to be at an octet boundary

Question 2

Why did it change from class-based to classless?

Answer 2

reduce the wasteage of IP addresses

Question 3

what are the 5 components of the OSI?

Answer 3

application
transport
network
link
physical

Question 4

Describe some differences between client and server systems?

Answer 4

• server waits for requests
• client requests a server
• server can have multiple requests
• server is much more powerful
• client has very little storage

Question 5

What is a MAC address?

Answer 5

media access control address

Question 6

What level is a MAC address in?

Answer 6

network layer

Question 7

three reasons why it is a good idea to keep JavaScript code and CSS styling in
files separate from the HTML

Answer 7

• clearer to find
• easy to maintain page, aids scalability
• cache files, less loading time and faster webpages

Question 8

What is a strongly typed language?

Answer 8

a language where variables are bound to specific data types

Question 9

What is variable hoisting?

Answer 9

javascripts default behaviour of moving all declarations to top of the current scope

Question 10

what variable type is hoisted in javascript?

Answer 10

var

Question 11

What is Node.js?

Answer 11

a javascript runtime environment that executes JS code outside of a browser

Question 12

what is Node.js used for?

Answer 12

building fast and scalable network applications

Question 13

What is XMLHTTPRequest?

Answer 13

an API whose methods transfer data between a web browser and a web server

Question 14

Advantages of using XMLHTTPRequest?

Answer 14

• asynchronous
• can have several concurrently running XHR requests
• retrieve data in JS without having to change / refresh data

Question 15

What level of OSI does IPv4 work on?

Answer 15

network layer

Question 16

What level of OSI does ARP work on?

Answer 16

link layer

Question 17

What does ARP stand for?

Answer 17

address resolution protocol

Question 18

What level of OSI does DNS work on?

Answer 18

application layer

Question 19

What level of OSI does TCP work on?

Answer 19

transport layer

Question 20

What level of OSI does SSL work on?

Answer 20

application layer

Question 21

Describe design changes for HTTP 1.0 to HTTP 1.1 ?

Answer 21

• no longer have to open new connection for each response, better efficency
• 1.1 now uses chunked transfer encoding

Question 22

Describe design changes for HTTP 1.1 to HTTP 2.0 ?

Answer 22

• now use binary encoding rather than text-based messages
• can now send multiple requests in parallel over a single tcp connection
• download web files asynchronously from one server
• now lower overhead in parsing data
• more effective network resource utilisation