2017-12-19

Question 1

Define mass flow rate and volume flow rate. How are they related to each other?

Answer 1

Mass flow rate - The amount of mass flowing through a cross section per unit time.
Volume flow rate - The volume of the fluid flowing through a cross section per unit time.

Question 2

Explain the difference and show the relationship between absolute pressure,
gage pressure and vacuum pressure

Answer 2

Pgage = Pabs - Patm
Pvac = Patm - Pabs

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Question 3

Water needs to be carried from reservoir A in the figure below to reservoir B, at a higher location. A pump is needed. Write the expression of the ∆H that the pump needs to overcome to carry water to reservoir B?

Question 4

Explain what is the critical depth in open-channel flow and make an example where you expect to have critical flow

Answer 4

The variation of specific energy with depth at a constant discharge shows a minimumin the specific energy at a depth called critical depth at which the Froude number has a value of one. Critical depth is also the depth of maximum discharge, when the specific energy is held constant.

Critical flow occurs when the flow velocity in a channel equals the wave velocity generated by a disturbance or obstruction.