2016 MCQ Flashcards
What condition would a patient have if their LFTs showed raised bilirubin and CRP only
Gilbert’s syndrome
What cell is missing in a patient who needs vitamin B12 injections?
Parietal cells (produce intrinsic factor)
What are the surface markings of the gall bladder?
Junction between costal margin of 9th ribs and lateral margin of rectus abdominis muscle
What are the stages of eGFR?
- > 90
- 60-89
3a. 45-59
3b. 30-44 - 15-29
- <15
What are the units of eGFR?
mL/min
What is the main blood supply of the pelvic viscera?
Internal iliac arteries
What artery branches to give the middle suprarenal arteries?
Abdominal aorta
Which artery passes through the transverse mesocolon?
Middle colic
In chronic myeloid leukemia, which enlarged organ can be palpated at the left with a notch?
Spleen
What is the rate limiting step for cortisol production?
Cholesterol to pregenolone
What vein forms oesophageal varices?
Left gastric vein
What connects the primary and secondary hypophyseal plexuses?
The hypophyseal portal vein
In a tumour of the adrenal medulla, production of what increases?
Catecholamines
How does the kidney compensate for acidosis?
Increased bicarbonate absorption, increased glutamine breakdown (produces bicarbonate)
What is the main anterior relation to the right kidney?
Liver
What is the mechanism of action of carbimazole?
Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase
What is the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy?
Proteinuria
What serum change occurs when podocytes are damaged?
Low serum albumin
What drug directly stimulates beta cells to increase insulin production?
Sulfonylureas
What is produced by chief cells?
Pepsinogen
What does orlistat do?
Inhibits pancreatic lipase; stops lipid absorption
What will be seen on a plain upright radiograph in a patient with perforation and air leakage caused by a duodenal ulcer?
(enlarged) suphrenic space
What skin condition is associated with coeliac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
What process occurs in zone 3 of the hepatic acini?
Glutamine synthesis
What does the urogenital septum divide?
Cloaca
What is homologous to the clitoris in males?
Glans penis
What happens to the bladder in thoracic spinal injury?
Internal urethral sphincter does not contract
Which GLUT responds to insulin?
GLUT 4
What hormone is responsible for the maintenance of the corpus luteum if fertilisation occurs?
hCG
What level of fasting glucose indicates diabetes?
more than 7.0 mmol/L
What is the covering of the testis that is derived from the peritoneum?
Tunica vaginalis
Which cells in the testis undergo meiosis 1?
Primary spermatocytes
What embryological structure is the adrenal medulla derived from?
Neural crest
What cells produce MSH in the anterior pituitary?
Corticotrophs
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Cushing’s syndrome (excess cortisol)
Dexamethasone suppression test
Which artery supplies the pelvic floor muscles?
Internal iliac artery
In the GI tract, which ion is glucose co-transported with?
Sodium
Which drug acts on the final stage of acid secretion in parietal cells of the stomach?
PPIs
What type of structure is the plicae circulars?
Permanent folds
What is the order of tubules in which sperm travel after the seminiferous tubules?
Straight to rete testis to efferent ductules to epididymus
What is the channel in the thick ascending limb?
NCCK
