2015 M/C

Question 1

1. The chemical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms is a(n)
   a) ionic bond
   b) covalent bond
   c) polarbond
   d) common bond

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2. Ionic compounds do NOT
   a) conduct electricity
   b) have high melting points
   c) predominantly contain carbon and hydrogen
   d) dissolve in water

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3. Medicinal suspensions are NOT administered intravenously because
   a) particles settle, and so not all of the dose may leave the syringe
   b) particles are better absorbed via the GI tract
   c) they need filtering before administration
   d) particles may block small bloodvessels

Answer 3

D

Question 4

4. A common recommendation by GPs is to take some iron supplements with vitamin C, such as fruit juice. This is because the fruit juice
   a) will taste nice, masking the bad taste of the iron supplement
   b) will help you to swallow the iron supplement easier
   c) changes the iron into a more absorbable form
   d) prevents dehydration associated with excess iron consumption

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5. An Iron Lung is an example of a negative pressure respirator,used when assisting patients with Polio to breathe. The gas law principle that these machines work on is
   a) Dalton’s Law
   b) Boyle’s Law
   c) Henry’s Law
   d) Pascale’s Law

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6. The stage of an action potential in which potassium ions exit the neuron is called
   a) depolarisation
   b) repolarisation
   c) hyperpolarisation
   d) the refractory period

Answer 6

B

Question 7

7. The property that is NOT a universal property of a neuron is
   a) excitability
   b) conductivity
   c) elasticity
   d) secretion

Answer 7

C

Question 8

8. Newborn babies are prone to lose heat,due to
   a) their small body surface area
   b) their blood vessels being deeper beneath the surface of the skin
   c) having little subcutaneous fat
   d) having thin epidermal/dermal layers

Answer 8

C

Question 9

9. The EEG is used to
   a) deliver a large voltage and current to the heart
   b) deliver electric shock treatment to the brain
   c) record the electrical activity of the heart
   d) record the electrical activity of the brain

Answer 9

D

Question 10

10. Substances released at a chemical synapse which allow communication between nerve cells are
    a) sodium atoms
    b) potassium atoms
    c) neurotransmitters
    d) receptors

Answer 10

C

Question 11

11. Prokaryotic cells do NOT have
    a) ribosomes
    b) a cytoplasmic membrane
    c) mitochondria
    d) peptidoglycan

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12.The microorganisms that usually live on or in a person are collectively referred
t o as
a ) g e r m s
b) indigenous microflora
c) nonpathogens
d) opportunistic pathogens

Answer 12

B

Question 13

13. Most prokaryotic cells reproduce by
    a) binary fission
    b) budding
    c) gamete production
    d) spore formation

Answer 13

A

Question 14

14. The group of bacteria that lack rigid cell walls and take on irregular shapes
    is/are
    a) chlamydia
    b) mycobacteria
    c) mycoplasmas
    d) rickettsias

Answer 14

C

Question 15

15. The disinfectant used to prevent clostridium infections in a hospital setting is a) fungicidal
    b) pseudomonicidal
    c) sporicidal
    d) tuberculocidal

Answer 15

C

Question 16

16. Giardia and cryptosporidium are examples of
    a) protozoa
    b) bacteria
    c) viruses
    d) moulds

Answer 16

A

Question 17

17. A Gram-negative bacterium stains
    a) pink
    b) green
    c) violet or purple
    d) orange

Answer 17

A

Question 18

18. Heating at 100°C will NOT kill

a) Streptococcuspyogenes
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Micrococcus luteus
d) Bacillus stearothermophilus

Answer 18

D

Question 19

19. The best method to study the 3-D morphology of viruses is
    a) compound light microscopy
    b) UV light
    c) fluorescent antibody technique
    d) scanning electron microscopy

Answer 19

D

Question 20

20. Microbes that can grow in both the absence and presence of air are called
    a) obligate anaerobes
    b) obligate aerobes
    c) facultative anaerobes
    d) aerobes

Answer 20

C

Question 21

21. The label of a Multivitamin bottle containing Vitamin B-complex tablets states that “B Vitamins increase energy metabolism”. This is because Vitamin B molecules
    a) can be catabolised for energy
    b) are important vitamins stored in adipose tissue
    c) include niacin and riboflavin found in the coenzymes NAD and bFAD
    d) are important enzymes involved in storage of glycogen

Answer 21

C

Question 22

22. Phytates and tannins can reduce the absorption of
    a) vitamin C
    b) potassium
    c) calcium
    d) vitamin D

Answer 22

C

Question 23

23. The body’s production of high amounts of ATP and water in the mitochondria occurs during
    a) beta oxidation
    b) the Kreb’s cycle
    c) the electron transport chain
    d) glycolysis

Answer 23

C

Question 24

24. If a muesli bar contains 500 kJ of energy, with 5 g fat, the percentage of energy coming from fat is
    a) 1%
    b) 10%
    c) 17%
    d) 37%

Answer 24

D

Question 25

25. The hormone insulin promotes
    a) glycogenesis
    b) glycogenolysis
    c) gluconeogenesis
    d) lipolysis

Answer 25

A

Question 26

26. The end products of digestion of a breakfast consisting of a bowl of porridge, low-fat milk and a glass of fruit juice are
    a) fructose, glucose, maltose and amino acids
    b) galactose, glucose, glycerol and fatty acids
    c) galactose, fructose, glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol and amino acids
    d) amino acids, glucose, galactose, fructose

Answer 26

C

Question 27

27. Your blood cholesterol level is too high, and your doctor suggested that you eat additional viscous soluble high-fibre food. A good choice would be
    a) low-fat milk
    b) chocolate chip cookies
    c) orange juice
    d) oatmeal

Answer 27

D

Question 28

28. Individuals with the malnutrition condition Kwashiorkor exhibit a swollen belly because of a(an)
    a) severe deficiency of protein in the diet, reducing blood osmotic pressure
    b) severe deficiency of protein in the diet, increasing blood osmotic pressure
    c) inadequate amount of animal protein only in the diet
    d) inadequate amount of calories, but adequate amount of protein, in the diet

Answer 28

A

Question 29

29. If the body has limited access to glucose and uses fat as its energy store, this can lead to
    a) hyper acidity of the stomach
    b) ketoacidosis
    c) metabolic alkalosis
    d) respiratory acidosis

Answer 29

B

Question 30

30. The individual likely to have a positive nitrogen balance is
    a) Linda, a 25 year old woman suffering from severe burns
    b) Janice, a 50 year old woman having radiation therapy to treat cancer
    c) Hamish, a 5 year old boy from kindergarten playing with his friends
    d) Amy, a 20 year old university student with a balanced diet

Answer 30

C

Question 31

31. Catabolism of protein
    a) firstly involves deamination
    b) requires specific amino acids, coded for by DNA & mRNA
    c) can cause Kussmaul’s respirations
    d) requires specific amino acids, coded for by DNA and tRNA

Answer 31

A

Question 32

32. Catabolic pathways use
    a) potential energy and are exothermic
    b) kinetic energy and are exothermic
    c) potential energy and are endothermic
    d) kinetic energy and are endothermic

Answer 32

A

Question 33

33. Anaerobic glycolysis
    a) can use glucose or fat as the substrate
    b) is a short-term process
    c) is the most efficient form of ATP production
    d) takes place in the mitochondria

Answer 33

B

Question 34

34. The post-absorptive state
    a) is when the body relies on its own fuel stores to meet energy demands
    b) aims to maintain blood glucose at 2-4 mmol/L
    c) is the time immediately after you have consumed a meal
    d) is when all nutrients of a meal have been absorbed, and the excess are
    being stored

Answer 34

A

Question 35

35.An enzyme functions optimally at pH 7.1 and 23°C. Its function may be inhibited when
a) the concentration of the substrate is increased b) the temperature is increased from 20°C to 23°C c) the shape of the enzyme is changed
d) required cofactors and coenzymes are present

Answer 35

C

Question 36

36. In genetic counselling
    a) paternity testing can be accurately carried out using only a couple
    of DNA markers
    b) consanguinity (breeding between blood relations) can cause an
    increased frequency of autosomal recessive conditions
    c) in NZ, it is illegal to marry your cousin
    d) an accurate family history is not important

Answer 36

B

Question 37

37. Concerning nucleic acids
    a) viruses do not contain nucleic acids
    b) in DNA cytosine pairs with thymine
    c) in transcription adenine in DNA pairs with thymine in RNA
    d) they are polymers of nucleotides

Answer 37

D

Question 38

38. In Human DNA
    a) cytosine always pairs with guanine
    b) adenine always pairs with uracil
    c) the lagging strand forms continuously inreplication
    d) replication, DNA is synthesised in one direction

Answer 38

A

Question 39

39. A messenger RNA strand is 336 nucleotides long, including the initiator and termination codons. The number of amino acids in the protein translated from this strand of mRNA is
    a) 999
    b) 136
    c) 336
    d) 111

Answer 39

D

Question 40

40. During transcription, the molecule whose function is to transfer genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is
    a) DNA
    b) mRNA
    c) tRNA
    d) proteins

Answer 40

B