2014 Summer School - Past Exam paper Flashcards
The diaphragm separates the
a. thoracic and abdominal cavities
b. abdominal and pelvic cavities
c. cranial and spinal cavities
d. thoracic and pelvic cavities
a. thoracic and abdominal cavities
The term that is used to describe the type of solution that is the same as that of the cell is
a. isotonic
b. hypotonic
c. hypertonic
d. catatonic
a. isotonic
The correct sequence of events for a pathway showing a feedback system to initiate a response is
a. effector stimulus receptor control centre
b. stimulus receptor control centre effector
c. receptor stimulus control centre effector
d. stimulus effector control centre receptor
b. stimulus receptor control centre effector
The function of centrioles is to
a. produce ATP
b. provide a whip-like beating motion to move substances along cell surfaces
c. serve as a site for ribosomal RNA synthesis
d. organise the mitotic spindle in cell division
d. organise the mitotic spindle in cell division
Mitosis results in
a. four genetically different cells that are haploid
b. four genetically identical cells that are diploid
c. two genetically identical cells that are diploid
d. two genetically different cells that are haploid
c. two genetically identical cells that are diploid
A pancreas cell makes proteins (enzymes) which it releases into the small intestine. The path of these proteins from synthesis to exocytosis at the pancreatic cell membrane is best outlined as
a. Golgi rough ER plasma membrane
b. smooth ER Golgi plasma membrane
c. rough ER Golgi plasma membrane
d. nucleus Golgi plasma membrane
c. rough ER Golgi plasma membrane
The tissue that forms glands is
a. connective tissue
b. muscle tissue
c. nervous tissue
d. epithelial tissue
d. epithelial tissue
The epithelial tissue found in areas exposed to friction is
a. stratified cuboidal
b. pseudostratified columnar
c. stratified squamous
d. stratified columnar
c. stratified squamous
The type of fibres found in a tendon to provide toughness and strength is
a. collagen
b. elastin
c. tendin
d. reticular
a. collagen
The vitamin that is important in blood clotting is
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin K
d. vitamin K
The universal donor is blood group
a. A
b. B
c. O
d. AB
c. O
The percentage of red blood cells found in a blood sample is known as
a. haemostasis
b. haematocrit
c. haemopoiesis
d. haemoglobin
b. haematocrit
David has suffered burns and he was informed that the epidermal and upper dermal layers of the skin are damaged, which indicate \_\_\_\_\_\_ degree burn. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
b. second
As part of the inflammatory response, mast cells release
a. histamine
b. interferon
c. clotting factors
d. cytokines
a. histamine
The involuntary muscle attached to the hair follicle is called
a. arrector pili
b. smooth muscle layer
c. dermal papillae
d. microvilli
a. arrector pili
Cells that increase their secretion when stimulated by ultraviolet light rays are
a. Merkel cells
b. keratinocytes
c. melanocytes
d. fibroblasts
c. melanocytes
A normal blood pressure may be recorded as
a. 120 mmHg (diastolic pressure)/80 mmHg (systolic pressure)
b. 120 mmHg (systolic pressure)/80 mmHg (diastolic pressure)
c. 140 mmHg (diastolic pressure)/90 mmHg (systolic pressure)
d. 140 mmHg (systolic pressure)/90 mmHg (diastolic pressure)
b. 120 mmHg (systolic pressure)/80 mmHg (diastolic pressure)
The blood vessel which supplies the myocardial cells with oxygenated blood is the
a. coronary artery
b. coronary vein
c. coronary sinus
d. pulmonary artery
a. coronary artery
The tissue type responsible for vasoconstriction of blood vessels is
a. smooth muscle in the tunica intima
b. smooth muscle in the tunica media
c. endothelium in the tunica intima
d. endothelium in the tunica media
b. smooth muscle in the tunica media
Ventricular depolarization is represented on the ECG by the
a. P wave
b. T wave
c. ST segment
d. QRS complex
d. QRS complex
A forced inspiration involves
a. contraction of the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles and neck muscles
b. relaxation of the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles and neck muscles
c. contraction of the internal intercostal muscles
d. relaxation of the external intercostal muscles
a. contraction of the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles and neck muscles
Carbon dioxide is mostly carried in the blood
a. attached to haemoglobin
b. in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3- )
c. dissolved in the plasma
d. as microscopic bubbles
b. in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3- )
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and tissues is known as
a. pulmonary respiration
b. external respiration
c. internal respiration
d. cellular respiration
c. internal respiration
The class of antibodies which causes allergies is
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
c. IgE
The lymphatic ducts that direct lymph back into blood circulation are called the _________ duct and the ________ duct
a. anterior lymphatic, abdominopelvic
b. left lymphatic, subclavian
c. subclavian, thoracic
d. right lymphatic, thoracic
d. right lymphatic, thoracic
An example of a second line of defence is
a. inflammatory reaction
b. antibody-antigen reaction
c. intact skin
d. lysozyme secretion in tears
a. inflammatory reaction
The innermost meningeal layer adhering to the cerebral cortex is the
a. meningeal dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. periosteal dura mater
d. pia mater
d. pia mater
The region of the brain containing vital centres for breathing and heart rate is the
a. cerebellum
b. midbrain
c. medulla oblongata
d. thalamus
c. medulla oblongata
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates
a. pupil dilation
b. saliva secretion
c. intestinal motility
d. bronchial constriction
a. pupil dilation
Neurons carrying sensory information from receptors toward the spinal cord are called
a. ascending
b. afferent
c. association
d. efferent
b. afferent
The hormone ADH
a. increases urine production
b. promotes dehydration
c. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland
d. decreases urine production
d. decreases urine production
The hormone that increases cellular metabolic rate in most tissues is
a. cortisol
b. calcitonin
c. aldosterone
d. thyroxine
d. thyroxine
Release of the hormone renin by the kidney is stimulated by
a. high blood pressure
b. low blood pressure
c. high blood volume
d. low blood oxygen
b. low blood pressure
A hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the stress response is
a. testosterone
b. adrenaline
c. cortisol
d. insulin
b. adrenaline
Erythropoiesis in adults occurs mainly in the
a. red bone marrow
b. yellow bone marrow
c. compact bone
d. kidney
a. red bone marrow
Parathyroid hormone stimulates breakdown of bone matrix by the
a. osteoblasts
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteogenic cells
c. osteoclasts
The sutures between the adult cranial bones are an example of a/an
a. synovial joint
b. synarthrodial joint
c. amphiarthrodial joint
d. diarthrodial joint
b. synarthrodial joint
The function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is
a. protein synthesis
b. storage and release of calcium ions
c. energy production
d. conduction of the action potential deep into the muscle fibre
b. storage and release of calcium ions
The motor neuron stimulates a muscle cell by secreting
a. calcium ions
b. sodium ions
c. neurotransmitters
d. enzymes
c. neurotransmitters
In skeletal muscle contraction, cross bridges are formed between myosin and
a. actin
b. troponin
c. tropomyosin
d. elastin
a. actin
The hormone promoting sodium reabsorption by the kidney is
a. renin
b. oxytocin
c. ADH
d. aldosterone
d. aldosterone
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is
a. active transport
b. osmosis
c. solvent drag
d. co-transport with sodium ions
b. osmosis
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it
a. ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate
efficiently
b. is necessary as a boundary between the adrenal glands and the kidneys
c. stabilises the position of the kidney by holding them in their
normal position
d. produces vitamin D
c. stabilises the position of the kidney by holding them in their
normal position
An accessory organ of the digestive system is the
a. small intestine
b. large intestine
c. stomach
d. pancreas
d. pancreas
The enzyme which digests protein in the stomach is
a. pepsin
b. pancreatic protease
c. amylase
d. nuclease
a. pepsin
A function of the large intestine is
a. absorption of protein
b. absorption of water
c. digestion of lipids
d. production of Vitamin D
b. absorption of water
The structure of a sperm cell that contains enzymes to facilitate penetration of the ova (egg) is the
a. acrosome
b. head
c. middle piece
d. tail
a. acrosome
Ovulation is stimulated by the hormone
a. oestrogen
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. LH
d. LH
Human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG)
a. promotes follicle development.
b. promotes corpus luteum degeneration.
c. maintains the corpus luteum.
d. promotes milk production.
c. maintains the corpus luteum.
The structure that attaches to the uterus during implantation is the
a. blastocyst
b. embryo
c. morula
d. zygote
a. blastocyst
