2014 end of module exam Flashcards
Which of the following is a co stimulatory factor required for b cell activation in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
CD40 L on basophil and CD40 on b cell
What causes an increase in DLCO?
a) Chronic bronchitis
b) Emphysema
c) Pulmonary hemorrhage
c) Pulmonary hemorrhage
A 49-year-old patient diagnosed with pneumonia due to strep pneumonia what is a laboratory finding?
a) Bile soluble
b) Gram positive cocci in chains
c) Gram negative diplococci d) Egg shaped colonies
a) Bile soluble
Which cell is part of the blood-air barrier?
Pneumocyte 1
Which of the following is a natural anti-inflammatory substance?
LXA4
Which of the following syndromes of primary cell dyskinesia is characterized by bronchiectasis, sinusitis, and situs inverses?
Kartagener syndrome
What is the side effect of first generation anti histamines?
Sedation
What mostly affects the shift volume?
A) an increase in airway resistance
B) a decrease in airway resistance C) an increase in compliance
D) a decrease in compliance
A) an increase in airway resistance
At which point is the contraction of the Diaphragm maximal?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
b) B
What are the cellular events in the smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary arterioles that cause vasoconstriction when local PO2 decreases?
a) Reduced K+ permeability by phosphorylation
b) Reduced Ca++ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum
a) Reduced K+ permeability by phosphorylation
What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium?
Blocks acetylcholine receptors
A blood clot got trapped in one of the right pulmonary arteries, causing obstruction of that artery of the subject, who soon became dyspneic. What is the main cause of dyspnea? (A previously healthy old patient was severely dyspneic and found that he had a clot in one of the pulmonary arteries, what is the cause of his dyspnea)?
a) Increased functional dead space
b) Increased anatomical dead space
c) Increased shunt
a) Increased functional dead space
Which of the following is innervated by the cervical plexus?
Diaphragm
) Which of the following strongly indicates obstructive sleep apnea?
a) Pulmonary hypertension
b) Short and fat neck
c) recurrent episodes of hemoglobin desaturation
c) recurrent episodes of hemoglobin desaturation
What is the function of 2,3-BPG?
Decreases the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen
Which of the following physiological parameter will be increased in case of stagnant hypoxia?
Difference between CaO2 and CvO2
Graph of lung compliance, chest wall compliance and whole respiratory system compliance, what can you conclude (what is the most logical relation)?
A) compliance of chest wall > than lung
B) trans lung pressure is 0 at RV
C) at FRC the chest wall compliance is directed outward
D) the pressure across the respiratory system is close to 0 at RV
C) at FRC the chest wall compliance is directed outward
What is a characteristic feature of latent TB?
a) Patient is infectious
b) Lung x-ray show lesion
c) Interferon gamma assay test is positive
d) Caused by atypical mycoplasma
c) Interferon gamma assay test is positive
What test is most appropriate method to diagnose latent TB? a) Sputum smear B) IGRA C) PCR D) Elisa against TB antibodies
B) IGRA
Which of the following mediate the class switch of B cells to IgE production?
IL-4
In a rural environment, a study was conducted to find the correlation between drinking milk every day and growth rate of children in school. The teachers were asked to choose the children who will receive the milk. The students were followed for six-months the results show that the growth of the student who were given milk was worse that the student who did not drink milk. Which of the following is most likely caused this result?
a) There was no masking, which resulted in bias of the results.
b) The teachers gave the milk to children with poor growth
c) The poor quality of the milk
b) The teachers gave the milk to children with poor growth
What is the most dangerous outdoor allergen?
Pollen
Pollen
Required to get isotype switching to IgE
a) IL-2
b) IL-3
c) IL-4
d) IL-5
e) IL-6
f) IL-7
g) IL-8
h) IL-10
c) IL-4
Required for eosinophil maturation
a) IL-2
b) IL-3
c) IL-4
d) IL-5
e) IL-6
f) IL-7
g) IL-8
h) IL-10
d) IL-5