2014-2015 BEC Flashcards
Productivity
=Real output/Hours Worked BEC SU 2.10.C
Net Domestic Product (NDP)
National Income
+ Indirect Business Taxes
+ Net Foreign Factor Income
=NDP
Also, NDP=GDP-Capital Consumption Allowance (Depreciation)
I Bought Two Nets For Fishing Income (IBTNFFI)
BEC. SU 3.2.1.a.3)
National Income (NI)
“Not Net Income” SuperfastCPA
Salaries & Wages \+Rents \+Interest \+Proprietor & Partnership Incomes \+Corporate Profits =National Income (NI)
Stalin’s Red Influence Promoted Communism (SRIPC) BEC 3.2.1.a.2)
Real GDP
Real GDP = Nominal GDP/Price Index (In 100th’s)
Nominal GDP = Total Market Value of All Goods & Services In Current Dollars BEC SU. 3.2.5.
GDP (Income Approach) Personal Income (PI) Disposable Income (DI)
GDP=NI+NDP+/-CCA (Capital Consumer Allowance/Depreciation)
PI=All Income Received by Individuals
DI=PI-Taxes (Personal)
BEC SU. 3.2.2. & 3.2.1.a.4)
GDP (Expenditures Approach)
GDP=C+I+G+NX Consumer Spending (C) Investment Spending (I) Government Spending (G) Net eXports (NX) Creativity Increases Germany's Net eXports (CIGNX) BEC SU.3.1.2.e.
Money Multiplier
Amount of money banks potentially can create
Money Multiplier=1/Required Reserve Ratio
Multiplier
Multiplier=1/(1-MPC)
MPC= Marginal Propensity to Consume
BEC 3.7.2.a.3)b)
Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate=(Number of Unemployed/Size of Labor Force)*100
BEC SU.3.6.1.a.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
CPI=(Cost of Market Basket In Current Year/Cost of Market Basket In Base Year)*100
BEC.SU.3.5.1.b.2)
Inflation
Rate of Inflation=(Current-Year Price Index - Prior-Year Price Index)/(Prior-Year Price Index)
BEC.SU.3.5.1.b.1)a)
Demand Elasticity Coefficient: 0
=0 Perfectly Inelastic (I) Demand
(BEC SU.2.2.1.c.3)
%Change Q = % Change
Demand Elasticity Coefficient: % Change Q>%Change in Price
% Change Q>%Change in Price (Greater Than 1), Demand Is Relatively Elastic Range)
(BEC SU.2.2.1.c.3)
Demand Elasticity Coefficient: 1
% Change Q=%Change in Price (Equal to 1), Demand Has Unitary Elasticity (Usually Very Limited Range)
(BEC SU.2.2.1.c.3)
Demand Elasticity Coefficient: % Change Q
% Change Q
Demand Elasticity Coefficient: Infinite
Demand is perfectly elastic (BEC SU.2.2.1.c.3)
Effects on Total Revenue: Price Increase
Price Increase: Elastic Range (Decrease), Unitary Elasticity (No Change), Inelastic Range (Increase)
(BEC SU.2.2.1.b.5)
Effects on Total Revenue: Price Decrease
Price Decrease: Elastic Range (Increase), Unitary Elasticity (No Change), Inelastic Range (Decrease)
(BEC SU.2.2.1.b.5)
Elasticity of Demand (Ed) Midpoint Method
Ed=[(Q1-Q2)/(Q1+Q2)]/[(P1-P2)/(P1+P2)]
BEC SU.2.2.1.b.2
Elasticity of Demand (Ed)
Ed=[%Change Quantity Demanded/%Change Price]
BEC SU.2.2.1.a.
%Change Price (Point Method)
%Change Price=(Price After Change-Price Before Change)/Price Before Change
Point Method
(BEC SU.2.2.1.b.1)
%Change In Quantity (Point Method)
%Change Quantity=(Quantity After Change-Quantity Before Change)/Quantity Before Change
Point Method
(BEC SU.2.2.1.b.1)
To loosen the Money Supply
Federal
1 Fed sees recession looming
2 Fed buys government securities on open market
3 Fed credits cash to reserve accounts of banks selling securities
a) Increase supply; create supply of excess reserves; banks now willing to lend
b) Greater availability of cash for overnight loans causes decline in Federal funds rate
4 Fall in interest rates stimulates investment spending by businesses
5 Rise in investment spending increases aggregate demand, which increases real GDP and reduces unemployment
(BEC SU 3.9.1.b.3)
To tighten the Money Supply
Federal
1 Fed fears inflation heating up
2 Fed sells government securities on open market
3 Fed decreases cash in reserve accounts of banks buying securities
a) Decrease in supply of cash reduces excess reserves; banks unable to lend
b) Lower availability of cash for overnight loans causes decline in Federal funds rate
4 Rise in interest rates stimulates investment spending by businesses
5 Fall in investment spending reduces aggregate demand, which decreases price level and reduces inflation
(BEC SU 3.9.1.b.3)
Production Total Cost
Production Total Cost = Total Fixed Cost (TC) + Total Variable Cost (VC)
(BEC SU 2.5.5)
Average Total Cost (ATC)
Average Total Cost (ATC) = Total Cost (TC)/Quantity (Q)
Increase Fixed Cost (FC) & Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
(BEC SU 2.5.5)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
Average Fixed Cost (AFC) = Fixed Cost (FC)/Quantity (Q)
Increase Fixed Cost (FC); Increase Total Cost (TC) & Average Fixed Cost (AFC)
(BEC SU 2.5.5)
Average Variable Cost (AVC)
Average Variable Cost (AVC) = Variable Cost (VC) / Quantity (Q)
Increase Fixed Cost (FC); 0 No Change in Variable Cost (VC) or Average Variable Cost (AVC)
(BEC SU 2.5.5)
COSO Components of Internal Control
Controls Stop CRIME C - Control Activities R - Risk Assessment I - Information And Communication M - Monitoring E - Control Environment (BEC SU 1.3.5) BEC Intro (p.11)
The Risk Management Process
Step 1 Identify Risks Step 2 Assess Risks Step 3 Prioritize Risks Step 4 Formulate Risk Responses Step 5 Monitor Risk Responses I Ate Pie For Money (IAPFM) BEC SU 1.4.12
Components of COSO ERM
C - Control Activities R - Risk Assessment I - Information And Communication M - Monitoring E - Event Identification
R - Risk Responses
O - Objective Setting
I - Internal Environment
(BEC SU 1.4.8.b.)
COSO Classes of Objectives
O - Operations
R - Reporting
C - Compliance
[BEC 1.3.3.c.4)]
COSO ERM Classes of Objectives
O - Operations R - Reporting C - Compliance S - Strategies (BEC 1.4.7.b.)
Most Important Acts of Shareholders At Annual Meetings
“Avenue”
A - Amending The Articles of Incorporation
V - Voting on any matters requiring a general vote
E - Electing or removing directors
(BEC SU.1.1.3.b.)
Federal Metrics
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/current/h6.htm
M1 (Most Liquid Forms of Money)
M2 (M1+Less Liquid Forms of Money)
(BEC SU.3.8.3)
Net Exports (NX)
Net Exports (NX) = Exports (X) - Imports (M) (Results can be + / -) (BEC SU 3.1.2.e.)
Trading At A Forward Premium (Exchange Rates)
Expected to Gain Purchasing Power
BEC SU. 4.2.7.e.
Trading At A Forward Discount (Exchange Rates)
Expected to Lose Purchasing Power
BEC SU. 4.2.7.e.
If the Domestic Currency Has Appreciated & The Foreign Currency Depreciated As of the Settlement Date, A Domestic Firm with Foreign Currency Will Experience A Gain or Loss?
(Exchange Rate Fluctuations)
Loss in Net Inflows; Gain in Net Outflows
BEC SU. 4.3.1.e.
If the Domestic Currency Has Depreciated & The Foreign Currency Appreciated As of the Settlement Date, A Domestic Firm with Foreign Currency Will Experience A Gain or Loss?
(Exchange Rate Fluctuations)
Gain in Net Inflows; Loss in Net Outflows
BEC SU. 4.3.1.e.
What are the effects if supply increases and demand increases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) is Unknown; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Increases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply is constant and demand increases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Increases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Increases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply decreases and demand increases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Increases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) is Unknown (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply increases and demand remains constant on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Decreases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Increases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply is constant and demand remains constant on equilibrium?
There is no effect on equilibrium
BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5
What are the effects if supply decreases and demand remains constant on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Increases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Decreases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply increases and demand decreases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Decreases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) is Unknown (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply is constant and demand decreases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) Decreases; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Decreases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
What are the effects if supply decreases and demand decreases on equilibrium?
Equilibrium Price (Pe) is Unknown; Equilibrium Quantity (Qe) Decreases (BEC SU. 2.1.3.d. - Figure 2-5)
Net Present Value
After-tax net cash inflows
* Present value factor for annuity at target rate
= Present value of investment
- Initial investment
= Net Present Value
(CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)
Internal Rate of Return
Initial investment / After-tax net cash inflows = Present value Factor (same as payback) (CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)
Accounting Rate of Return
Increase in accounting income
/ Investment
(CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)
Payback Period
nitial investment
/ After-tax net cash inflows
= Payback Period
(CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)
Capital Expenditures (Long)
Cash inflows before tax - Depreciation on Investment = Increase in taxable income - Tax = Increase in accounting net income Cash inflows before tax - tax = After-tax net cash inflows (CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)
Capital Expenditures (Short)
Increase in accounting net income
+ Depreciation on investment
= After-tax net cash inflows
(CPA Excel Focus Notes - Capital Budgeting)