2013 NCAA Case Book Flashcards
A.R. 1. Visiting Team B’s captain notices that Team B’s pregame warmup
balls are of a different type than the official game ball. Team B’s coach
requests that Team B be allowed to warm-up using the type of ball to be
used in the game.
RULING: The official shall inform Team A’s game management that
Team B shall be allowed to warm-up with the same type of ball(s) that
will be used during the game.
(Rule 1-16.10 Note)
A.R. 2. A game is being played in an arena with a game clock being displayed
on the shot clock located above the basket as well as in another location in the
arena. Which clock is the official game clock?
RULING: The game clock shall be the official, visible timepiece on
which the time remaining in a period shall be displayed and shall show
a 10th-of-a-second display when less than 59.9 seconds remains in a
period. The referee, per Rule 2-5.2, shall designate the official game
clock. However, when there is a game clock display located on the shot
clock, it shall be the official game clock.
(Rule 1-18.2 and 2-5.2)
A.R. 3. The visiting team is advised that its team bench is located:
- Farther from the division line than the home team’s; or
- On the opposite end line from the home team’s bench.
RULING: The game shall be played with benches as located by hometeam
management. The referee has no authority to move either bench
unless for player safety; however, mutual consent should have been
obtained before the game.
(Rule 1-21.2)
A.R. 4. Team A is wearing a patch that is not an American flag, an institution
or conference official logo/mascot or a commemorative/memorial patch. The
patch is located in the area between the base of the front neckline and the
shoulder seam of the jersey. Is this legal?
RULING: No. An American flag, an institution or conference official
logo/mascot and/or a commemorative/memorial patch meeting all
other rule requirements shall be located in this area. When the
American flag is used, it can only be located in this area on the left side
of the game jersey.
(Rule 1-22.7.c and .d)
A.R. 5. Contesting teams have uniforms of the same color.
RULING: When possible, each team should have two sets of uniforms,
one of light color and the other of dark color. The light color shall
be for home games; however, this rule may be altered by mutual
consent of competing institutions. The team that violates this rule
shall change. When there is doubt, the officials shall require the home
team to change.
(Rule 1-22.4)
A.R. 6. May a player remain in the game when he is wearing an illegal
undershirt or undergarment?
RULING: No. Similar to the rule regarding jewelry, illegal undershirts
or undergarments shall not be worn. The player shall leave the game and
remove the illegal apparel; however, no technical foul shall be assessed.
(Rule 1-23.1 and .2)
A.R. 7. Substitute A6 attempts to enter the playing court with a headband
or wristband that is not a single, dominant color of the game jersey, black,
white or beige.
RULING: Substitute A6 shall not be permitted to enter the game
before either wearing the appropriate headband or wristband or
removing the illegal ones.
(Rule 1-24)
A.R. 8. An official tells A1 to tuck in his game jersey and then issues a
warning to the coach of Team A. Later in the game, A2 is fouled. Before
giving A2 disposal of the ball for the free throw, the official notices that A2’s
game jersey is untucked.
RULING: A2 shall be permitted to attempt the free throw(s). When
the free throw(s) are successful, he shall be instructed to leave the game.
When the free throw(s) are not successful and he does not rectify the
game-jersey violation before the next dead ball, A2 shall be instructed
to leave the game.
(Rule 1-22.10 Note)
A.R. 9. Substitute A6 attempts to enter the playing court wearing jewelry, an
illegal headpiece or hat.
RULING: Substitute A6 shall not be permitted to enter before
removing the jewelry, illegal headpiece or hat. A6 cannot “buy” his way
into the game and the right to wear the illegal jewelry, illegal headpiece
or hat by being charged with a technical foul.
(Rule 1-26.7)
A.R. 10. Player A5 is found to be wearing jewelry.
RULING: At the first dead ball, A5 shall be required to remove the
jewelry immediately or be required to leave the game and not return
until after removing the jewelry. A5 cannot “buy” the right to wear the
jewelry by being charged with a technical foul.
(Rule 1-26.7)
A.R. 11. Team A is ahead by one point. The game-ending horn sounds with
the ball loose at the division line. Clearly after playing time has expired, A1
retrieves the ball and dunks into A1’s basket. The referee, before checking/
approving the final score, sees this action by A1 and assesses a CLASS B
technical foul. Team A’s coach pushes the referee after the technical foul is
called. The referee assesses a flagrant 2 technical to Team A’s coach, ejects the
coach and awards Team B four free throws.
RULING: The referee is correct. The officials’ jurisdiction does not
end until the approval of the final score. Until the officials’ jurisdiction
ends, an official may call a technical foul, correct a correctable error
(Rule 2-12), or correct a bookkeeping mistake by the official scorer.
(Rule 2-4.3)
A.R. 12. The officials leave the playing area at the end of the game, and while
they are in the locker room, it is discovered that there is a mistake in the score
or that there was a request for a correctable error (Rule 2-12).
RULING: When the officials leave the visual confines of the playing
court when the last period is over, the score has been approved and the
game is over.
(Rule 2-4.3)
A.R. 13. When an official is required to hand/bounce the ball to the
thrower-in, is it the duty of the official to wait until both teams are ready
before doing so?
RULING: No. The resumption-of-play procedure is in effect for
the entire game, except to start the second half or any extra period.
After the official has given the direction signal and other necessary
information, teams are expected to be ready for all normal play
situations. When the official inadvertently indicates the wrong team
for a throw-in and discovers the error before the throw-in ends, the
official should withhold the ball from play to permit the players to
re-deploy themselves. The officials should not permit unusual delays
during a throw-in.
(Rule 2-7.13 and 4-31)
A.R. 14. B1 commits a fifth foul [any combination of personal and CLASS
A technical fouls], which results in two free throws for A1. The official scorer
and official timer fail to notify any of the game officials that a fifth foul
has been committed. When the scorers realize the mistake, they inform the
official timer to sound the game-clock horn. The official timer sounds the
device as the first of two free throws is made or missed. The referee asks the
scorers’ table personnel to explain the problem. The referee is advised that B1
has committed five fouls, after which the referee advises the coach and player
of Team B that B1 has five fouls. The coach replaces B1.
RULING: Play shall be resumed with the second free throw by A1.
There is no additional penalty assessed for the official scorer’s and
timer’s mistake in failing to notify the officials of B1’s fifth foul.
(Rule 2-9.4 and 3-6.2.b)
A.R. 15. A player who has committed a fifth foul [any combination of
personal fouls and CLASS A technical fouls] continues to play because the
scorers have failed to notify the officials.
RULING: As soon as the scorers discover the irregularity, they should
sound the game-clock horn as soon as the ball is in control of the
offending team or is dead. The disqualified player shall be removed
immediately. Any points that may have been scored while such a player
was illegally in the game shall count.
(Rule 2-9.4)
A.R. 16. At halftime, the official scorer, who is a member of the home-team
faculty, removes the scorebook from the scorers’ table:
1. Of his or her own volition; or
2. At the request of the home-team coach.
RULING 1: When the scorebook is not taken to the home team’s
locker room, there should be no penalty. When there is evidence that
the official scorer removed the scorebook to take it to the home-team
locker room, an administrative technical foul shall be assessed. This
administrative technical foul does not count toward the team foul
count.
2: When the home-team coach instructs the official scorer to remove
the scorebook, the head coach shall be assessed a CLASS B
technical foul.
(Rule 2-9.11, 10-2.4 and 10-4.2.e)
A.R. 17. When may a scorer signal?
RULING: When the scorer desires to call attention to a player who is
illegally in the game, the scorer may signal the official when the ball is
in control of that player’s team or when the ball becomes dead. When
it is for a substitution, the scorer may signal when the next dead ball
occurs or when the offending team has team control. When it is for
conferring with an official, the scorer may signal when the ball is dead. When the scorer signals while the ball is live, the official shall ignore
the signal when a scoring play is in progress. Otherwise, the official
may signal for the game clock to be stopped to determine the reason
for the signal.
(Rule 2-9.14)
A.R. 18. The game-clock horn sounds while the ball is live.
RULING: Players should ignore the game-clock horn since it does
not cause a dead ball. The officials shall use their judgment in
blowing the ball dead to consult with the scorers and timers. When
the players on both teams do not ignore the game-clock horn and
stop playing, the officials shall stop play and award the ball to the
team in control at a designated spot nearest to where the ball was
when the stoppage occurred.
(Rule 2-9.14)
A.R. 19. The official scorer fails to record two points awarded to Team A by
an official during the first half as a result of basket interference by B2.
RULING: The scorer’s mistake shall be rectified at any time until the
referee approves the final score.
(Rule 2-9.16)
A.R. 20. After two minutes of the first extra period, it is discovered that
during the second half of regulation play, the official scorer failed to record
one point as a result of a made free throw by Team A.
RULING: The score shall be recorded and play shall be continued at a
designated spot from the point of interruption.
(Rule 2-9.16)
A.R. 21. In a game with no official courtside monitor, the red light or LED
lights that signal the end of the last period cannot be seen nor can the gameclock
horn be heard. The officials disagree whether the ball was in flight
during a try for field goal or whether a foul occurred before time expired.
RULING: The final decision shall be made by the referee. The official
timer shall indicate if the ball was in flight before the red light or LED
lights signal was activated or before the game-clock horn sounded only
when requested to do so by the referee. The referee shall use his best
judgment; but when the evidence for counting or not counting the
goal or foul is equal, the referee shall rule that the goal counts and that
the foul shall be charged. In a game with an official courtside monitor
and a game clock with a 10th-of-a second display, the status of the try
for goal and the committed foul shall be ascertained with the use of
the courtside monitor using first, zeros on the game clock then the red
or LED lights when the game clock is not visible and the horn when
neither is available.
(Rule 2-10.15.c, 11-1.2, 11-3, and 5-7.2)
A.R. 22. A1 touches the ball that was thrown in by A2. The ball strikes the
playing court and bounces until A3 gains control by dribbling. The shotclock
operator started the shot clock when A1 touched the ball.
RULING: The operator was correct. When play is resumed by a throwin,
the game clock and shot clock shall be started when the ball is legally
touched by or touches a player on the playing court.
(Rule 2-11.5)
A.R. 23. Player B1 deflects A1’s pass toward the sideline. Player B2 chases
the ball and while airborne and before landing out of bounds, throws the ball
backward onto the playing court where it is recovered by Team A. The shot
clock operator resets the shot clock. Is the shot clock operator correct?
RULING: Yes. The act of throwing the ball backwards and onto the
court demonstrates team control by Team B; therefore, the shot clock
is reset.
(Rule 4-9.1 and 2-11.6.a)
A.R. 24. With the alternating-possession arrow favoring Team A and 20
seconds remaining on the shot clock, A1’s try for goal lodges between the
backboard and the ring/flange.
RULING: Team A shall be awarded possession for a throw-in and the
shot clock shall be reset.
(Rule 2-11.6.d)
A.R. 25. A1 releases the ball on a try for goal, B1 partially blocks the shot and the ball: 1. Hits the ring or flange; or 2. Goes through the basket; or 3. Goes out of bounds.
RULING 1 and 2: The play is legal and the action shall continue.
3: The official shall blow the whistle to stop play and the shot-clock
operator shall stop but not reset the shot clock. On the ensuing
throw-in by Team A, the game clock and shot clock shall start when
the throw-in touches any player on the playing court.
(Rule 2-11.7.a)
A.R. 26. Team A is in control of the ball when A1 and B1 commit a double
personal foul, neither of which are flagrant fouls. While reporting the foul,
the official assesses a technical foul against the coach of:
1. Team A; or
2. Team B.
RULING: Charge the fouls to A1 and B1, but no free throws are
awarded. In (1) and (2), any player from the offended team shall
attempt the two free throws for the technical foul. Play shall be
resumed at the point of interruption, with the ball awarded to Team A,
the team in control, at a designated spot nearest to where the ball was
located when the double personal foul was committed. 1: Since the technical foul was assessed to the coach of Team A, the
team in control, the shot clock shall not be reset.
2: Since the technical foul was assessed to the coach of Team B, the
shot clock shall be reset.
(Rule 2-11.7.h, 2-11.6.b.2 and 10-1 Penalty f )
A.R. 27. B1 pushes A1 during an unsuccessful try. A1 is awarded two free
throws. The first free throw by A1 is successful, after which B2 takes the ball
out of bounds under Team A’s basket and passes to B3, who passes to B4 for
an uncontested field goal in Team B’s basket. The captain of Team A then
calls to the attention of an official that A1 did not receive a second free throw.
RULING: The goal by B4 shall count. A1 shall be permitted to attempt
the second free throw with no players lined up along the free-throw
lane. The ball shall then be awarded to Team A out of bounds at the
end line nearer Team B’s basket and the thrower-in shall be permitted
to run the end line. This was the point where the game was stopped to
correct the error.
(Rule 2-12-1.a and 2-12.2)
A.R. 28. After the bonus is in effect, B1 is penalized for holding A1. A1
erroneously is not awarded a free throw. A1 is awarded the ball out of bounds
and completes the throw-in to A2. The coach of Team A notifies the official
scorer that the coach wants to meet with the official concerning a correctable
error. When Team A scores a field goal, the official scorer sounds the gameclock
horn and advises the official of the coach’s request for the conference.
The official recognizes the correctable error after talking with the coach and
official scorer.
RULING: The field goal by Team A shall count. This error is correctable
because it happened within the prescribed time limit of Rule 2-12. A1
shall be awarded his merited free throw(s) and play shall be resumed
with a throw-in by Team B, who is entitled to run the end line.
(Rule 2-12.1.a, 2-12.5 and 2-12.2)
A.R. 29. Before the bonus rule is in effect, B1 fouls A1. The official errs by
awarding A1 a one-and-one attempt.
1. A1 makes the first free-throw try, and the error is then discovered; or
2. A1 is successful in both free throws and then the official detects the
error; or
3. A1 misses the front end of the one-and-one and the game clock starts,
at which time the official detects the error; or
4. A1 is successful in the first bonus attempt but misses the second free
throw and, as a result, the game clock starts and B1 scores a field goal.
In each of the four situations, the error shall be called to the attention of
the official before or during the first dead ball after the game clock has
been properly started.
RULING: Each of the four situations is a correctable error.
1, 2 and 3: Team A shall be awarded the ball at a designated spot nearest
to where the foul occurred. The free throw(s) and activity during it,
other than any technical foul or a flagrant 1 or 2 personal foul, shall
be canceled. Any points scored, time consumed and additional activity
that may occur before the recognition of the error, shall not be nullified.
4: Team A shall be awarded the ball out of bounds at Team B’s end line,
which was the point of interruption, to correct the error. The free
throw(s) and activity during it, other than any technical foul or a
flagrant 1 or 2 personal foul, shall be canceled. Any points scored,
time consumed and additional activity that may occur before the
recognition of the error, shall not be nullified.
(Rule 2-12-1.b, 2-12.5 and 2-12.2)
A.R. 30. B1 fouls A1 and it is Team B’s ninth foul of the second half. The
official erroneously awards A1 two free throws instead of a one-and-one. A1:
1. Makes two free throws; or
2. Misses the first free throw and makes the second free throw; or
3. Misses both free throws.
Within the correctable-error time limitations, the officials shall be notified
of their error.
RULING 1: A1 was entitled to the second free throw because the
first free throw was successful. Both free throws shall count, and play
shall be resumed at the point of interruption, which is where play was
stopped to correct the error.
2: A1’s first free throw, to which he was entitled as the first part of a
one-and-one, was unsuccessful and the player should not have been
awarded a second free throw. The successful second free throw shall
be nullified, and play shall be resumed at the point of interruption,
which is where play was stopped to correct the error.
3: A1’s unmerited second free throw was unsuccessful, so it shall be
ignored, and play shall be resumed at the point of interruption,
which is where play was stopped to correct the error.
(Rule 2-12.1.b, 2-12.5 and 2-12.2)
A.R. 31. A1 is fouled by B1 during a field-goal attempt and the try is
successful. A2 erroneously is awarded the free throw. While A2’s successful
attempt is in the air:
1. B3 fouls A3; or
2. B3 commits a flagrant 1 personal foul against A3.
After the successful free throw by A2 and before the ball becomes live on
the throw-in, the coach of Team B properly asks the referee to correct the
error of awarding the free throw to the wrong player.
RULING: The free throw by A2 shall be canceled, and A1 shall
properly attempt the free throw. The common foul by B3 in (1) shall
be canceled. The flagrant 1 personal foul in (2) cannot be canceled.
The error shall be corrected when A1 is given the free throw to which A1 was entitled as a result of the original foul. In (2), the game shall
continue with the administration of the two free throws to A3 resulting
from the flagrant 1 personal foul by B3. Team A shall be awarded the
ball at the designated spot nearest to where the foul by B3 occurred.
(Rule 2-12-1.c and 2-12.5)
A.R. 32. (1) A1 or (2) B1 is called for basket interference at Team A’s basket.
In (1), the referee erroneously counts the score or, in (2), erroneously fails to
count the score. In each case, the error is discovered during the first dead ball
after the game clock has started.
RULING: In (1) and (2), the official made a judgment that basket
interference occurred. However, after the judgment was made, the
official erred, in (1) by erroneously counting the score and in (2)
by failing to count the goal. The official’s error in (1) and (2) shall
be correctable because the error was recognized within the proper
time limit.
(Rule 2-12.1.e and 2-12.3)
A.R. 33. Team A has the ball and is working for a shot. The shot-clock horn
sounds and then A1 shoots and scores an apparent field goal. The shot-clock
horn is not heard by the officials on the playing court. Play continues with
Team B inbounding the ball. With 20 seconds remaining on the shot clock,
the official calls traveling on B1. At that time, the official timer calls the
referee to the scorers’ table to explain that the shot clock had sounded before
A1 scored the field goal.
RULING: Officials are permitted to use information from table
officials to make corrections. Since it is within the correctable-error
time frame, the error can be corrected. When it is determined, in the
official’s judgment, that the basket was scored after the shot-clock horn
sounded, the goal shall be canceled. Since the clock was running in this
case, the official has until the second live ball after the error to make
the correction. The error shall be correctable until the ball is put in play
after the traveling call.
(Rule 2-12.3, 2-12.1.e and 2-7.6)
A.R. 34. B1 fouls A1 after the bonus is in effect. A1 is not awarded the
bonus free throws. Team A is awarded the throw-in. Team A controls the
ball inbounds, and A3 eventually asks for and receives a timeout. During
the timeout, an official recognizes the correctable error or it is called to his
attention that A1 should have been awarded a one-and-one free throw.
RULING: A1 shall be awarded the one-and-one and play shall be
resumed as after any normal free throw. Points scored, time consumed
and additional activity that may occur before the recognition of the
error shall not be nullified.
(Rule 2-12.5 and 2.12.1.a)
A.R. 35. Teams A and B each have co-captains. At the pregame conference,
one of the co-captains requests permission from the referee to allow both
co-captains to confer with officials on interpretations.
RULING: Co-captains may participate in the pregame conference, but
only one co-captain of each team may confer with the officials during
the game. During the pregame conference, the referee shall be informed
which co-captain of each team shall be the speaking co-captain during
the game.
(Rule 3-2.1)
A.R. 36. Nine minutes before the scheduled starting time for the game, Team
A presents its squad roster and its starting lineup to the official scorer and
then, at six minutes before the game’s starting time, Team A presents four
additional names to the official scorer for the squad list.
RULING: Team A shall be assessed two administrative technical fouls.
One administrative technical foul is for failing to supply the scorers with
the names, numbers and designated starters BEFORE the 10-minute
mark is reached on the game clock that is counting down the time
before the start of the game. The second administrative technical foul
is for changes made to the scorebook AFTER the 10-minute mark
is reached on the game clock before the start of the game. Four free
throws shall be awarded to Team B, and the game shall start with a
jump ball. These administrative technical fouls do not count toward
the team foul count.
(Rule 3-4.1, 3-4.2, and 10-2.2 Penalty)
A.R. 37. Team A properly submits its squad list and designates its five
starters in compliance with the rule before the 10-minute mark is reached
on the game clock that is counting down the time before the start of the
game. However, the uniform number for each squad member is erroneously
indicated. The mistake is not detected until approximately 1½ minutes have
been played.
RULING: An administrative technical foul shall be charged to Team
A. A player shall wear the uniform number indicated in the scorebook
or the scorebook number shall be changed to that which he is wearing. When the squad member, before participating, changes the uniform
number he wears to that indicated in the scorebook, there shall be
no penalty. When the number in the scorebook for a player(s) must
be changed for reasons other than those permitted by rule, one
administrative technical foul shall be assessed regardless of how many
changes are made. These administrative technical fouls do not count
toward the team foul count.
(Rule 3-4.2 and 10-2.2.b Penalty)
A.R. 38. A1, who is designated as a starter 10 minutes before the scheduled
starting time of the game, becomes ill one minute before the game is to start.
RULING: A1 may be replaced without an administrative technical foul
being assessed. Illness or injury is considered to be an extenuating and
unavoidable circumstance that permits a substitution without penalty.
A1 shall be permitted to enter the game later if able.
(Rule 3-4.2)
A.R. 39. A6 and A7 have reported to the scorers and are waiting to enter the
game. Team A commits a violation, and during the dead-ball period, Team B
calls a timeout. The coach from Team A changes his mind and wants A8 and
A9 to report and enter the game rather than A6 and A7.
RULING: A8’s and A9’s substitutions are legal when they have reported
to the official scorer before the warning signal.
(Rule 3-6.1.h)
A.R. 40. After the second signal sounds indicating the expiration of a
timeout, A1 goes to the free-throw line to attempt two free throws. Before the
first free throw, A6 reports to the official scorer and tries to enter the game
as a substitute.
RULING: A6 cannot enter the game because he did not report before
the warning signal and there has been no live ball.
(Rule 3-6.1.h and 3-6.2.b)
A.R. 41. After the second signal sounds indicating the expiration of a
timeout, A1 goes to the free-throw line to attempt two free throws. After the
first free throw is successful and before the ball is at the disposal of A1 for the
second free throw, A6 reports to the official scorer to become a substitute and
then tries to enter the game as a substitute.
RULING: A6 shall be allowed to enter before the last attempt of the
multiple personal foul free throw.
(Rule 3-6.2.b)
A.R. 42. In a game involving the electronic-media timeout format, A1 is
fouled in the act of shooting, creating the first dead ball after the eightminute
mark. A1’s try for goal is unsuccessful. B1 reported to the scorer
before the foul and was waiting to enter the game. When is B1 permitted to
enter the game?
RULING: B1 is permitted to enter the game after the electronic media
timeout ends and before A1 attempts the first try of the multiple freethrow
sequence.
(Rule 3-6.2.b.1)
A.R. 43. After a successful free throw, A1 enters the playing court before the
throw-in. A1’s illegal entry is not detected until after the ball becomes live.
RULING: A1 became a legal player when the ball became live. Because
discovery of the illegal substitution came after the ball became live, the
infraction by A1 shall be ignored.
(Rule 3-6.1.d)
A.R. 44. A1 is fouled and his try for goal is unsuccessful. During the try:
- B1 commits his fifth (disqualifying) foul against A1; or
- A4 is wearing illegal apparel.
RULING 1 and 2: The required substitute shall be permitted to enter
the game before the first try of the multiple free throws. In addition,
all substitutes who had legally reported to the official scorer before the
player who had to be replaced, may enter the game.
(Rule 3-6.3.c)
A.R. 45. There are no substitutes at the scorer’s table when A1 receives a fifth
and disqualifying foul. The official notifies the Team A coach and then A1 of
the disqualification.
1. Before the official instructs the timer to begin the 20-second time
period to replace the disqualified player, two Team A players, neither of
whom are substituting for the disqualified player, report to the scorer.
2. During the 20-second time period to replace the disqualified player,
two Team A substitutes report to the scorer just before A6 reports as
the substitute to replace A1.
3. As soon as the coach is notified that A1 has been disqualified and before
the 20-second time period to replace the disqualified player has started,
the coach substitutes A6 for A1.
RULING: When a player is disqualified for the fifth foul committed,
the officials will first get a substitute for the disqualified player, and
then all substitutes who had legally reported before the player who
had to be replaced may enter the game when the substitute for the
disqualified player is beckoned onto the court. In (1) and (2) the
substitutes who legally reported to the table before A6, the substitute
for the disqualified player, may enter after A6 enters the game. In
(3), once A6 is beckoned onto the floor, no other substitutions are
permitted until the next opportunity for substitutions.
(Rule 3-6.3.c)
A.R. 46. A technical foul is assessed against Team A. B6 replaces B1 and
makes both free throws. After the final attempt, B1 desires to re-enter.
RULING: Illegal. B1 may not re-enter before the next opportunity to
substitute after the game clock has properly started after he was replaced.
(Rule 3-6.1.j)
A.R. 47. B6 and B7 have legally reported to the official scorer when A1:
1. Fouls B1 during a three-point try that was unsuccessful;
2. Is assessed a technical foul; or
3. Is assessed a technical foul, which is his fifth disqualifying foul.
When may B6 and B7 enter the game?
RULING 1: Since multiple free throws shall be awarded, B6 and B7
are permitted to enter the game only before the final attempt or after
the final try is successful.
(Rule 3-6.2.b)
2: B6 and B7 are permitted to enter the game before the first attempt
or after the final attempt for the technical foul and before play is
resumed at the point of interruption.
(Rule 3-6.2.c)
3: Since B6 and B7 had legally reported to the official scorer before A1
had to be replaced, they may enter the game after A1’s replacement
enters the game.
(Rule 4-12.1 and .5, 3-6.2.c and 3-6.3.c)
A.R. 48. While A1 is dribbling, the referee notices blood on A1’s game jersey.
The referee blows the whistle to stop play. A1 goes to the bench and medical
personnel:
1. Determine that the game jersey is not saturated with blood; or
2. Determine that the game jersey is saturated with blood.
RULING 1: A1 may remain in the game without penalty.
2: A1 shall be given 20 seconds to resolve the situation. When A1
has not resolved the situation, A1 shall be replaced or a timeout
may be called by A1’s team. At the end of the timeout, the affected
player must be ready to play when the final horn sounds ending
the timeout. If the player is not ready to play, the coach must
immediately replace the player with a substitute. In this case, the
opposing team is permitted to counter with a substitute. The
affected player may not re-enter the game until the next legal
opportunity to substitute after the clock has started.
(Rule 3-6.3.b, 3-6.3.a and 5-11.8)
A.R. 49. During a dead ball, A6 replaces A5. Before the ball is put into play,
a technical foul is assessed against Team B. A5 is designated by the coach
to enter the game and attempt the free throw(s) resulting from Team B’s
technical foul.
RULING: A5 may not re-enter to attempt the free throw(s) because the
game clock has not been started since A5 left the game.
(Rule 3-6.1.j)
A.R. 50. A1 is bleeding from a blow to the head and is unable to attempt his free throw(s). Is Rule 3-6.3.f concerning an injured player applicable?
RULING: The intent of Rule 3-6.3.f is to eliminate the situation
whereby a poor free-throw shooter faked an injury so that he could be
replaced by a higher percentage shooter. Obviously, a bleeding player is
not faking an injury. Consequently, Rule 3-6.3.f is not applicable. The
bleeding player shall be instructed by the official to leave the game for
attention by medical personnel. His coach may exercise the option of
substituting for the bleeding player or calling a timeout.
(Rule 3-6.3.f and 8-3.2)
A.R. 51. A1 is fouled and is unable to attempt his free throw(s). The
coach from Team A requests a timeout. The referee recognizes and grants
this timeout.
RULING: The referee shall instruct the official scorer to note which
four players from Team A were on the playing court before the timeout
was granted. At the end of the timeout when it is determined that A1 is
unable to attempt his free throw(s), the coach from Team B shall select
one of the four remaining players to attempt the free throw(s). That
selection, once made, is final and unalterable.
An immediate substitution for the injured player shall be required
after the final horn that indicates the expiration of the timeout. The
opponent shall then be permitted to counter with a substitution. Any
other substitution(s) must have reported to, or be in position to report
to, the official scorer before the warning horn. However, his entry onto
the playing court shall not be permitted until the coach from Team B
has selected who shall attempt the free throw(s) for the injured player.
(Rule 8-3.3 and 3-6.1.g)
A.R. 52. B1 commits a flagrant 2 personal foul against A1. After B1’s flagrant
2 foul, the coach from Team B is assessed a CLASS A technical foul. A1 was
injured and was unable to attempt his free throws. The coach from Team A
selects A7 to attempt the two free throws awarded for B1’s flagrant 2 foul and
the two free throws for the CLASS A technical foul. The referee permitted A7
to attempt the free throws. Is this correct?
RULING: The referee was correct in allowing A7 to attempt the four
free throws. When a player is injured as a result of either a flagrant 1
or flagrant 2 personal foul and is unable to attempt his free throws, the
coach of the injured player is permitted to select any player or team
member to attempt the free throws. In addition, when a technical foul
is assessed, any player or team member is allowed to attempt the two
free throws. After the four free throws are attempted, the ball is awarded
to Team A, the offended team, and play shall be resumed at the point of
interruption, which is the designated spot nearest to where the flagrant
2 personal foul was committed. When the coach from Team A selects two different individuals to
attempt the free throws, since a false multiple foul has been committed,
the penalty for the CLASS A technical foul shall be administered,
followed by the penalty for the flagrant 2 personal foul. The ball is
awarded to Team A, the offended team, and play shall be resumed at
the point of interruption, which is the designated spot nearest to where
the flagrant 2 personal foul was committed.
(Rule 8-3.3, 8-3.4, 8-6.1, 4-15.6, 4-27.1 and 10-1 Penalty g)
A.R. 53. A1 is fouled during an unsuccessful try for goal and appears to be
injured. A1 is upset with the play and is assessed an unsportsmanlike CLASS
A technical foul, which is A1’s fifth and disqualifying foul. The official scorer
informs the official that A1 has been disqualified.
RULING: Any member of Team B may attempt the free throws for
the technical foul assessed to A1. Play shall be resumed at the point of
interruption. The substitute for disqualified player A1 shall attempt the
free throws awarded when A1 was fouled. A1 was unable to attempt his
free throws because he was a disqualified player and, by rule, had to be
replaced. A1’s injury should not be considered in adjudicating the play.
(Rule 8-3.2.c, 8-3.4, 8-6.1 and 4-27.1)
A.R. 54. A1 and B1 collide and:
1. Are injured;
2. Are bleeding; and
3. Are evaluated and it is determined that their uniforms are saturated
with blood. The coach from Team A requests and is granted a timeout.
RULING: When a timeout is requested and granted to either team, one
or both players are permitted to remain in the game after the expiration
of the timeout. No bleeding can be in evidence. A uniform that is
saturated with blood must be replaced.
(Rule 3-6.3.b, and .e and 5-11.8)
A.R. 55. A1 is injured and the referee beckons the coach and/or athletic
trainer onto the playing court to assist the injured player. After the injured
player is replaced, Team B requests and is granted a timeout. Play is about to
resume and A1 is back on the playing court.
RULING: A1 shall be prohibited from staying on the playing court.
Team B’s timeout does not make A1 eligible to return to play. Team
A must request and be granted a charged timeout in order for A1 to
remain in the game.
(Rule 3-6.3.d and 5-14.12.a)
A.R. 56. A1 is fouled during an unsuccessful try for goal. During the try, A3
is injured or is bleeding, has blood on his or her body, or his or her uniform
is saturated with blood and he or she cannot continue to play.
RULING: The required substitute shall be permitted to enter the
game before the first try of the multiple free throws. In addition, all
substitutes who had legally reported to the official scorer before the
player who had to be replaced may enter the game. A bleeding player, a player with blood on the body, or a player
wearing a uniform saturated with blood has 20 seconds to resolve
the issue. If the issue cannot be resolved in 20 seconds, that player is
required to be replaced unless that player’s coach requests and is granted
a timeout. When a substitute is required, all substitutes who had legally
reported to the official scorer before the player who had to be replaced
may enter the game.
(Rule 3-6.3.a and .c)
A.R. 57. A1 scores a field goal and the clock is stopped with 36.0 seconds
remaining in the game.
1. Before the throw-in ends and the clock is started, the official notices
blood on A3.
2. The throw-in ends and the clock is properly started when the official
notices blood on A3.
RULING: The officials shall stop play and present the head coach
with the following three options: (a) Keep the player in the game
when the issue can be resolved in 20 seconds; (b) Substitute the player
immediately or substitute when the issue cannot be resolved in 20
seconds; (c) Call a timeout immediately or call a timeout when the
issue cannot be resolved in 20 seconds so that the bleeding player can
remain in the game.
1: After any of these options, play shall be resumed with a throw-in
by Team B anywhere along the end line. No substitutes shall be
permitted in (a) and (b) since play was stopped after a successful
field goal and before the clock was properly started. However,
when the coach chooses not to take a timeout and instead, replaces
the bleeding player, the opponent is permitted to counter with a
substitution. In this case, the substitute for the bleeding player and
the counter substitute are the only substitutes permitted in this
situation since play was stopped for blood after a successful field
goal in the last 59.9 seconds of the game and before the clock was
properly started. In (c), substitutes are permitted since a timeout was
called.
2: After any of these options, play shall be resumed with a throw-in
by Team B at a designated spot nearest to where play was stopped
for the blood issue and substitutes shall be permitted as they would
be in any other dead-ball period since the game clock was properly
started on the throw-in.
(Rule 3-6.1.i.1 and 3-6.3.a)
A.R. 58. After a successful field goal with 48 seconds left on the game clock,
the timer sounds the game-clock horn for substitute A6 to enter the game.
RULING: A6 shall not be permitted to enter. While the game clock is
stopped after successful field goals in the last 59.9 seconds of play, only
those substitutions permitted by rule are allowed. A team may request
a timeout and then make substitutions anytime the ball is dead and the
game clock is stopped.
(Rule 3-6.1.i)
A.R. 59. Team A scores with 59.9 seconds left to play in the second half.
1. The timer fails to stop the game clock. The official blows his whistle to
stop the clock and to correct the mistake. During this stoppage, Team
A requests a timeout; or
2. The official inadvertently blows his whistle to recognize a timeout
request by Team A when the ball is at Team B’s disposal for a throw-in;
or
3. Team B is having difficulty inbounding the ball because of defensive
pressure and requests a timeout.
May these timeout requests be granted and when are substitutions
permitted to enter the game?
RULING: In (1), the request by either team for a timeout shall be
recognized and granted since the request was made during a dead ball.
Substitutions are permitted during this timeout period. However, when
a timeout is not requested, there shall be no substitution during the
dead ball period created by the timer’s mistake.
2: The inadvertent whistle shall be ignored. When Team A requests a
timeout during this dead ball, the timeout shall be recognized and
granted since the request occurred during the dead ball created by
the inadvertent whistle. Substitutions are permitted during this
timeout period. However, when a timeout is not requested, there
shall be no substitution during the dead ball period created by the
inadvertent whistle.
3: Team B’s request for a timeout shall be recognized and granted
because a player of that team is in control of the ball. Substitutions
are permitted during this timeout.
(Rule 3-6.1.i.1 and .2)
A.R. 60. After A1’s successful try, the game clock is stopped with 56.0
seconds remaining in the game:
1. B1 completes a throw-in to B2, but the clock was not properly started.
The official stops play immediately to correct the timing mistake.
Substitutes are available at the table.
2. B1 completes a throw-in to B2 and the clock is properly started. While
the ball is in B2’s possession, A2 creates a held ball. The alternating
possession arrow favors Team B. Substitutes are available at the table.
RULING 1: The officials shall correct the timing mistake by placing the
correct time on the game and shot clocks, and play shall be resumed at
the point of interruption. Substitutes shall not be permitted during this
dead ball period, since the timing mistake occurred with 59.9 seconds
or less remaining on the game clock. Since the play was stopped to
correct a timing mistake that occurred after a made field goal when
there was less than 59.9 seconds remaining in the game and before the
game clock was properly started, substitutes shall not be permitted. 2: Since play was stopped for the held ball and not to correct a timing
mistake or for an inadvertent whistle, all substitution rules apply.
Play shall be resumed with an alternating possession throw-in to
Team B at a designated spot nearest to where the held ball occurred
with no reset of the shot clock.
(Rule 3-6.1.i.1)
A.R. 61. A technical foul is assessed to Team B before the start of the game.
The coach from Team A wants to replace designated starter A5 with A6 so A6
can shoot the free throws. Is this permissible?
RULING: Yes. A6 is permitted to replace designated starter A5 to shoot
the free throws for the technical foul. When the ball is placed at the
disposal of A6 for the free throw, the game has begun and thereafter,
all substitution rules apply. Any team member is eligible to become
a substitute with the exception of A5, who shall not be permitted
to re-enter until the game clock has been properly started after his
replacement.
(Rule 3-6.1.j, 3-6.1.k, 5-7.1, 7-4.7 and Rule 10-3 through 4 Penalty)
A.R. 62. A1 is in the air on a jump shot in the lane. A1 releases the ball on a
try and is fouled by B1, who has jumped in an unsuccessful attempt to block
the shot. A1’s try is:
1. Successful; or
2. Unsuccessful.
RULING: A1 shall be an airborne shooter when the ball is released
until he returns to the floor. An airborne shooter shall be in the act of
shooting. B1 has fouled A1 in the act of shooting. A1 shall be awarded
one free throw in (1), and two in (2).
(Rule 4-1)
A.R. 63. B1 is standing directly behind the backboard before A1 jumps
for a layup. The forward momentum of airborne shooter A1 causes A1 to
displace B1.
RULING: This is an offensive foul on A1.
Rule 4-7, 4-15.2.a.1, 4-30
A.R. 64. Team A is not ready to take the playing court after the second signal
sounds indicating the end of the halftime intermission.
RULING: The referee should ask the timer to start the digital device
used to time timeouts. When Team A is not ready to play at the
expiration of one minute, Team A shall be assessed an administrative
technical foul for delay of game. Team B shall be awarded two free
throws and play shall be resumed at the point of interruption. When
Team A is entitled to the alternating-possession arrow, it shall not lose
control of the arrow until the throw-in ends.
(Rule 4-10.1.b, 6-3.6 and 10-2.5.a)
A.R. 65. A5 is fouled during an unsuccessful try for goal. As A5 goes to the
free-throw line, A5 is assessed an unsportsmanlike technical foul, which is
A5’s fifth and disqualifying foul. The scorer:
1. Informs the official that A5 has been disqualified; or
2. Does not inform the official that A5 has been disqualified until after A5
attempts the free throws.
RULING 1: A Team B player or team member shall attempt the free
throws for the technical foul assessed to A5. Play is resumed at the point
of interruption and the substitute for A5 would then attempt the free
throws awarded when A5 was fouled in the act of shooting.
2: Since A5 and A5’s coach were not notified of the disqualification
until after A5’s free throws, the result of A5’s free throws shall stand.
(Rule 4-12.4, 8-3.2, 2-9.4 and 4-27.1.e)
A.R. 66. B1 commits a fifth foul (any combination of personal and CLASS
A technical fouls), which results in two free throws for A1. The official scorer
and official timer fail to notify any of the game officials that a fifth foul
has been committed. When the scorers realize the mistake, they inform the
official timer to sound the game-clock horn. The official timer sounds the
device as the first free throw is made or missed. The referee asks the scorers’
table personnel to explain the problem. The referee is advised that B1 has
committed five fouls, after which the referee advises the coach and player of
Team B that B1 has five fouls. The coach replaces B1.
RULING: Play shall be resumed with the second free throw by A1.
There is no additional penalty assessed for the official scorer’s and
timer’s mistake in failing to notify the officials of B1’s fifth foul.
(Rule 4-12.3 and 2-9.4)
A.R. 67. A player who has committed a fifth foul [any combination of
personal fouls and CLASS A technical fouls] continues to play because the
scorers have failed to notify the officials.
RULING: As soon as the scorers discover the irregularity, they should
sound the game-clock horn after (or as soon as) the ball is in control of
the offending team or is dead. The disqualified player shall be removed
immediately. Any points that may have been scored while such a player
was illegally in the game shall count.
(Rule 4-12.1 and 2-9.4 )
A.R. 68. In the front court of Team A (the back court of Team B), A1 passes
the ball to A2. B1, in an attempt to secure the ball, deflects it down the
playing court toward B’s basket. The ball bounces several times before B1 can
recover it in B’s front court. B1 dribbles to B’s basket and scores.
RULING: Legal. The deflection of the ball by B1 shall not be
considered part of the dribble. B1 does not have control of the ball until
securing it after deflecting it.
(Rule 4-13.1)
A.R. 69. A1, while advancing the ball by dribbling, manages to keep a hand
in contact with the ball until it reaches its maximum height. A1 maintains
such control as the ball descends, pushing it to the playing court at the last
moment; however, after six or seven bounces, A1’s hands are in contact with
the ball and the palm of the hand on this particular dribble is skyward.
RULING: It is a violation when the ball has come to rest on the hand
while the palm and the fingers are facing upward and a player then
continues to dribble, because the dribble has ended when the ball came
to rest on the palm when it faced upward.
(Rule 4-13.4.a)
A.R. 70. Is a player considered to be dribbling while touching the ball
during a jump, when a pass rebounds from the player’s hand, when the player
fumbles or when the player tips a rebound or pass away from other players
who are attempting to get it?
RULING: No. The player is not in control under these conditions and
therefore is not dribbling.
(Rule 4-13 and 4-9.1)
A.R. 71. A1 dribbles and comes to a stop, after which A1 throws the ball:
- Against the opponent’s backboard and catches the rebound; or
- Against the official, immediately recovering the ball and dribbling again.
RULING: A1 has committed a violation in both (1) and (2). Throwing
the ball against an opponent’s backboard or an official constitutes
another dribble, provided that A1 is first to touch the ball after it strikes
the official or the backboard.
(Rule 4-13.4.a and 9-8.1)
A.R. 72. A1 is dribbling the ball when:
1. A1 bats the ball over the head of an opponent, runs around the
opponent, and before the ball touches the playing court he bats the ball
again and then continues to dribble; or
2. A1 fumbles the ball (the ball slips from the player’s grasp) and the ball
rolls out of reach so that A1 must run to recover it.
RULING 1: Violation, because the ball is touched twice during a
dribble, before the ball touches the playing court.
2: It is illegal to continue to dribble, but A1 may recover the ball.
(Rule 4-13.3, 4-16.2 and 9-8.1.c)
A.R. 73. A1, after:
1. Receiving a pass; or
2. Ending his dribble, passes the ball to A2. Before receiving the pass, A2
leaves the area on a cut to the basket. A1 goes to the area vacated by A2
and recovers the ball.
RULING: In order for a pass to occur, the thrown ball must be touched
by another player. This did not occur in (1) or (2).
1: A1’s attempted pass was the start of his dribble. When he recovered
the ball and started another dribble, he would have committed a violation. (Had A1, after releasing the pass, which was the start of
the dribble, not recovered the ball but rather continued to dribble,
it would not have been a violation.)
2: A1 had previously ended a dribble before his attempted pass to A2.
A1’s release of the ball on his attempted pass to A2 was the start of a
second dribble. A1 committed a violation after he touched the ball.
(Rule 4-13.2 and 9-8.1.c)
A.R. 74. After ending a dribble, A1 leaves the playing court to attempt a try
for goal. While airborne, A1 fumbles the ball and:
1. Recovers the fumble while airborne, returns to the floor and dribbles
the ball; or
2. Recovers the fumble after returning to the floor and then dribbles
the ball.
RULING: It is a violation in both (1) and (2), A1 is permitted to
recover the ball but after recovering the ball is not allowed to start
another dribble. However, if a fumble is touched by another player and
then recovered by A1, while airborne or after a return to the floor, A1 is
allowed to start another dribble. If A1 had not previously dribbled the
ball, and while airborne fumbled and recovered the ball (while airborne
or after a return to the floor), he is permitted to start a dribble.
(Rule 4-13.4.a, 4-16.2 and 9-8.1.c)
A.R. 75. A1 is dribbling the ball in the front court when the ball momentarily
gets away from him. While the dribble is interrupted:
1. A1 pushes B2 while trying to retrieve the ball;
2. A2 is in the lane for four seconds; or
3. A1 calls a timeout.
RULING 1: Team-control foul on A1.
2: Three-second violation on A2.
3: A timeout shall not be acknowledged during an interrupted dribble.
(Rule 4-13.6.b, 9-10.2, 4-13.5 and 4-9.2.d)
A.R. 76. A1 ends the dribble, passes the ball to A2 and then charges into B2:
- While the ball is in the air; or
- After A2 has control.
RULING: The foul on A1 in both (1) and (2) is not a player-control
foul since A1 was not holding or dribbling the ball and was not an
airborne shooter in either situation. However, in both cases, A1 has
committed a team control foul.
When the official is in doubt as to whether the foul occurred before
or after the ball was released on the pass, the foul should not be ruled a
player-control foul but shall be ruled a team control foul.
(Rule 4-9.2.a, 4-15.2.a.1 and .2)
A.R. 77. Before a free throw by A1 is in flight, A2 pushes B2, then A3 steps
into the free-throw lane too soon. The bonus is in effect for both teams.
RULING: The foul by A2, which created a false double foul, is a
team-control foul and causes the ball to become dead immediately.
Consequently, A3’s violation shall be ignored. A1 shall attempt the free
throw(s) with no players on the lane and when the last try is successful,
Team B shall have the privilege to run the endline. When the last try
is unsuccessful, play shall be resumed by awarding Team B the ball for
a throw-in at a designated spot closest to where the team-control foul
occurred.
(Rule 4-15.4 and 8-8.1)
A.R. 78. After a field goal by B1, Team A leads Team B, 61-60. A1 has the
ball for a throw-in with four seconds remaining in the game. While A1 is
holding the ball, B2 crosses the boundary line and contacts A1.
RULING: A flagrant 1 personal foul shall be charged to B2. The time
remaining to play is not a factor.
(Rule 4-15.2.c.5 and 10-1 Penalty d[2])
A.R. 79. B1 commits a common foul against A1 before the bonus is in effect
for either team. The ball is awarded to Team A at a designated spot nearest to
where the foul occurred. During the throw-in but before the clock is started,
A2 fouls B2. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: A2’s foul is a team-control foul since it occurred during the
throw-in. The foul shall be charged to A2 and the ball shall be awarded
to Team B at a designated spot nearest to where the foul occurred.
(Rule 4-15.2.a.2 and 7-3.1.f )
A.R. 80. B1 deflects the ball away from A1 while:
1. A1 is dribbling the ball; or
2. A1 is passing the ball to A2.
A1, in an attempt to recover the ball, fouls B1.
RULING: In (1) and (2), A1 has committed a team control foul. The
foul shall be charged to A1, and the ball shall be awarded to Team B at
a designated spot nearest to where A1’s foul was committed.
(Rule 4-9.2.a and .b, 4-15.2.a.2 and 7-3.1.f )
A.R. 81. A1 is entitled to a one-and-one free throw. Before the ball is handed
to A1, Team A’s coach is assessed a CLASS A technical foul.
RULING: The technical foul creates a false double foul. Team B shall
be awarded two free throws because of the technical foul on Coach A.
After Team B shoots the free throws for the technical fouls, A1 shall
attempt the one-and-one since that was the point of interruption.
(Rule 4-15.4 and 8-8.2)
A.R. 82. A3 and B3 commit a double personal foul, neither of which is a
flagrant foul, while:
1. A1’s pass is in flight; or
2. A1’s try is in flight.
RULING: Charge the fouls to A3 and B3.
1: The ball shall be awarded to Team A, the team in control, at a
designated spot nearest to where the ball was last in contact with a
player or the playing court with no reset of the shot clock.
2: When the try is successful, Team B, the team not credited with the
score, shall be awarded the ball anywhere along the end line. When
the try is unsuccessful and since there is no team control, play shall
be resumed by using the alternating-possession procedure. The
throw-in shall be awarded at a designated spot nearest to where the
ball became dead, as a result of the unsuccessful try, with a reset of
the shot clock.
(Rule 4-9.2.b, 4-9.4.c, 4-27.1.d, and 7-4.8 and .9)
A1 from receiving the ball. A pass is made over the head and out of reach of
B1. Post player A1 moves toward the basket to catch the pass and attempt a
try for goal. As the pass is made, B2 moves into the path of A1, in a guarding
position.
RULING: B2 has switched to guard a player who does not have the
ball. Therefore, B2 must give A1 enough time and distance (not more
than two strides) to avoid contact to be in a legal guarding position.
When A1 has control of the ball (provided that A1 is not in the air at
the time), time and distance shall be irrelevant.
(Rule 4-17.4 and 4-17.5)
A.R. 84. B1 slips to the floor in the free-throw lane. A1 (with his back to B1,
who is prone) receives a pass, turns and, in his attempt to drive to the basket,
trips and falls over B1.
RULING: Foul on B1, who is not in a legal guarding position.
Rule 4-17.4.a
A.R. 85. B1 takes a spot on the playing court before A1 jumps to catch a pass.
1. A1 returns to the playing court and lands on B1; or
2. B1 moves to a new spot while A1 is airborne. A1 comes to the floor on
one foot and then charges into B1.
RULING: In both (1) and (2), the foul shall be on A1. In (1), B1
is entitled to that spot on the floor provided he gets there legally
before the offensive player becomes airborne. However, in (2), when
A1 possesses the ball then lands on the floor, no time and distance is
required.
(Rule 4-17.4.c and .d, 4-17.3 and Exception 4-17.7)
A.R. 86. A1 runs toward Team A’s goal and looks back to receive a fast-break
outlet pass. B1 takes a position in the path of A1 while A1 is 10 feet away
from B1.
1. A1 runs into B1 before receiving the ball; or
2. A1 receives the ball and, before taking a step, contacts B1.
RULING: In both (1) and (2), A1 shall be held responsible for
contact. B1 took a position in the path of A1 that provided A1
enough time and distance to avoid contact. While without the ball,
A1 was provided the required time and distance to avoid contact with
B1. However, when A1 received the ball, no time and distance were
required by the defender.
(Rule 4-17.5.b and 4-17.4.c; Exception 4-17.7)
A.R. 87. A1 is in the act of shooting and B1 attempts to defend the try. The
official, in anticipation of a foul that was not committed, inadvertently blows
his whistle:
1. Before the release of the ball; or
2. After the try for goal was released hit the ring, but was unsuccessful.
RULING 1: Since A1 did not release the ball and was in control of the
ball when the inadvertent whistle was blown, Team A shall be awarded
the ball at a designated spot nearest to where the dead ball occurred
with no reset of the shot clock.
2: The inadvertent whistle occurred when there was no team control.
When the try was unsuccessful, the ball is awarded to the team
entitled to the alternating-possession arrow at a spot nearest to
where the try was unsuccessful and the shot clock shall be reset.
When the try for goal was successful, the inadvertent whistle shall be
ignored and the team not credited with the score shall be awarded the
ball at the end line with that team being entitled to run the end line.
(Rule 2-11.6.g, 2-11.7.g, 4-27.1.a and 7-5.1.a and .d)
A.R. 88. After A1’s try is released and is in flight, an official inadvertently
blows the whistle and then the shot-clock horn sounds. How is play resumed
when the shot:
1. Is successful;
2. Does not strike the ring or flange; or
3. Strikes the ring or flange but does not enter the basket?
RULING 1: Count the goal. Ignore the inadvertent whistle, which was
blown when there was no team control, and the sounding of the shotclock
horn. The team not credited with the score shall be allowed to
run the end line.
(Rule 7-4.16 and 7-4.6)
2: Violation. Ignore the inadvertent whistle and resume play by
awarding the ball to Team B at the spot nearest to where the shotclock
violation occurred. The violation takes precedence over the
inadvertent whistle.
(Rule 9-12.4 and 7-4.1)
3: Play shall be resumed by the alternating-possession procedure and
the shot clock shall be reset.
(Rule 7-4.16, 6-4.1.g and 2-11.6.g)
A.R. 89. An official is in the front court when he runs into a pass thrown by
A1 from Team A’s back court. After touching the official, the ball:
1. Goes out of bounds; or
2. Rebounds to the back court, where it is recovered by A3.
RULING: Touching the official shall be the same as touching the floor
where the official is standing.
1: The ball shall be awarded to Team B for a throw-in at a designated
spot nearest to where the out-of-bounds violation occurred.
2: Since A1 was the last player to touch the ball before it returned
to the back court, A1 caused it to go there. Back-court violation.
Award a throw-in to Team B at a designated spot nearest to where
the violation occurred.
(Rule 4-23.3, 9-3 and 7-3.1.a)
A.R. 90. Team A is entitled to the ball for a throw-in after a timeout and after
having previously received a team warning for not being ready to resume play
following a timeout. The referee blows the whistle indicating that the timeout
has ended. When Team A is not at the designated spot ready to take the ball,
the referee places the ball on the floor out of bounds at the disposal of Team
A. The visible count begins and:
1. A1 picks up the ball and releases it for the throw-in within the allotted
five seconds; or
2. Team A does not release the ball on the throw-in within five seconds.
Consequently, the ball is placed at Team B’s disposal for a throw-in.
RULING 1: Legal play.
2: Violation on Team A. The referee shall award Team B the ball for
a throw-in and begin a five-second count when the ball is handed
to Team B or placed on the floor at Team B’s disposal. When Team
B does not complete the throw-in within five seconds after the
referee placed the ball at Team B’s disposal, Team B has committed
a violation.
Since both teams delayed the game, the referee shall assess a double
administrative technical foul. No free throws shall be attempted by
either team. Play shall be resumed at the point of interruption.
(Rule 4-31, 7-6.3 and .6, and 4-27.1.e)
A.R. 91. Team A is entitled to the ball for a throw-in after a timeout and after
having previously received a team warning for not being ready to resume play
following a timeout. The official timer properly sounds a warning signal 15
seconds before the charged timeout expires and then a final signal when the
timeout ends. The official administering the throw-in sounds the whistle to
alert the players that the game shall resume. However, neither team has left
its huddle on the sideline.
RULING: The official shall resume play by placing the ball at the
disposal of the player for a throw-in at a designated spot and shall start
the throw-in count. The officials shall not issue a warning for delaying
the throw-in by huddling. The resumption-of-play procedure shall be
used after timeouts.
(Rule 2-10.10 and 4-31.2)
A.R. 92. As A2 makes a drive to the basket, B1, a secondary defender,
establishes initial guarding position within the restricted area. Contact occurs.
One official calls a charge while another official calls a block.
RULING: B1 was a secondary defender who illegally established
initial guarding position within the restricted area. Consequently, the
blocking call against B1 is the correct call.
(Rule 4-35 and 10-1.13)
A.R. 93. Low-post player A5 spins and gets by defender B5. B4 comes from
the weak side and establishes initial guarding position within the restricted
area. A5 continues to move to the basket and:
1. While airborne and shooting the ball, leans into and makes contact
with B4; or
2. Stops and, while in control of the ball, leans into and contacts B4.
RULING 1: B4 is a secondary defender and illegally established initial
guarding position within the restricted area to stop A5’s try for goal. A
blocking foul shall be assessed to B4.
2: When A5 stopped and the try for goal was discontinued, B4 was no
longer a secondary defender. A player control foul shall be assessed
to A5.
(Rule 4-35 and 10-1.13)
A.R. 94. Team A is on a 3 on 2 or a 2 on 3 fast break, and any player on Team
B takes an initial guarding position (1) within the restricted area with two feet
on the floor and facing the opponent, or (2) outside the restricted area with
two feet on the floor and facing the opponent, in an attempt to draw a player
control/charging foul. A2, after receiving a pass, crashes into the torso of the
Team B player, and the official calls a player control/charging foul.
RULING 1: The official is incorrect. In any outnumbering fast break
situation, all Team B players are initially secondary defenders. The
Team B player may not establish initial legal guarding position inside
the restricted area, and the illegal contact by B is a blocking foul.
2: The official is correct. Even though the Team B player is initially
a secondary defender, he did not establish initial guarding position
inside the restricted area. When illegal contact occurs, it shall be a
player control/charging foul.
(Rule 4-35.4, 4-30 and 10-1.13)
A.R. 95. Player A1 attempts a shot, which bounces off the rim and is
rebounded by A2.
1. Player A2 who is in the lane area immediately attempts a put back and
crashes into the torso of B2, who is positioned within the restricted
area; or
2. Player A2, who is located on the wing just inside the three point line,
gains possession of a long rebound and immediately drives to the basket
with no defender. Player A2 crashes into the torso of B2 who is located
within the restricted area.
RULING: When A2 rebounds the ball and immediately makes a
move to the basket, there is no secondary defender and the restricted
area rule is not in effect. When B2 has established and maintained a
legal guarding position and illegal contact occurs it is player control/
charging foul on A2.
(Rule 4-35.3, 4-30, and 10-1.13)
A.R. 96. Low post player A5 in possession of the ball is defended initially by B5. Player B4 comes from the weak side to double team and establishes initial guarding position (1) inside the restricted area or (2) outside the restricted area. A5 makes a move to the basket and contacts stationary B4 in the torso.
RULING: In (1), B4 is a secondary defender and may not establish
initial legal guarding position inside the restricted area. When illegal
contact occurs, a blocking foul should be assessed against B4.
In (2), B4 is a secondary defender but established initial legal guarding
position outside the restricted area. When illegal contact occurs, a
player control foul should be assessed to A5.
(Rule 4-35.2, 4-30 and 10-1.13)
A.R. 97. Team B is in a zone defense. A1, who is located on the perimeter
of Team B’s zone, passes the ball to A2. A1 then cuts behind B1, who is the
defender at the top of the zone, and receives a pass from A2 while just outside
the restricted area. After receiving the pass, A1 then crashes into the torso of
defender B2 who has established initial guarding position inside the restricted
area. The Lead official calls a blocking foul on B2.
RULING: The official is correct. B2 is a secondary defender because A1
is deemed to have beaten B1 when he cut behind B1 on the perimeter
of the zone defense. As a secondary defender, B2 may not establish an
initial legal guarding position in the restricted area for the purpose of
drawing a player control/charging foul when defending a player who is
in control of the ball or has released the ball on a pass or try.
(Rule 4-30, 4-35 and 10-1.13)
A.R. 98. A1 makes a cut without the ball and beats defender B1. A2 throws
an alley-oop pass to A1. A1 goes airborne to receive the alley-oop pass and
crashes into the torso of B2 who had established initial guarding position
inside the restricted area. The crash occurs:
1. Before A1 gains possession of the ball; or
2. After A1 gains possession of the ball.
RULING 1: Since A1 did not have control of the ball when the contact
with B2 occurred, the secondary defender/restricted area rules do not
apply. It is a charging/team control foul when B2 has given A1 enough
time and distance for A1 to avoid contact and has established this
position before A1 went airborne. It is a blocking foul when B2 fails
to give sufficient time and distance for A1 to avoid contact or fails to
establish this position before A1 goes airborne.
(Rule 4-9.2.b, 4-17.5, 4-35.1 and 10-1.13)
2: Since A1 has control when the illegal contact with B2 occurred, this
must be a blocking foul because B2 had established initial guarding
position inside the restricted area.
(Rule: 4-17.7, 4-35.1, and 10-1.13)
A.R. 99. A pass or a try for field goal by A1 comes down several feet in front
of the basket. The ball strikes the playing court without touching any player
and bounces into the basket.
RULING: Two points shall be counted for Team A when not
complicated by the expiration of time in a period or by a foul occurring
while the ball is in flight. The try for field goal by A1 ends when the
ball touches the playing court, but it is customary to credit the two
points to A1. A field goal can sometimes be scored when it is not the
result of a try. When the ball is in flight as a result of contacting the
playing court without touching any player and time expires or a foul
occurs, no points shall be scored. Neither the expiration of time nor a
foul shall cause the ball to become dead immediately during a try for a
field goal. During a pass, the ball shall become dead as a result of the
foul or expiration of time.
(Rule 5-1.2 and 6-6.1)
A.R. 100. A2 receives the tip by A1 on the jump ball to start an extra period.
A2 is confused and dribbles toward the basket that Team A had during the
first half and:
1. Dunks into Team B’s basket; or
2. Attempts a three-point try, which is successful, at Team B’s basket.
RULING: In both (1) and (2), the goal shall be legal. In both cases, two
points shall be awarded to Team B. The ball shall be awarded to Team
A out of bounds at the basket of Team B and Team A may put the ball
in play from anywhere behind the endline as after any score by Team
B (earned or awarded).
(Rule 5-1.4.a and 7-4.6.a)
A.R. 101. With two-tenths of a second (.2) remaining in a period on the
game clock, Team A is awarded a throw-in at the division line. A1 passes the
ball to A2 who:
1. Catches the ball with both hands while in the air and throws the ball
into his basket; or
2. Does not catch the ball but taps it into the basket.
In both (1) and (2), the ball is in the air on the way to the basket when the
game-ending horn sounds.
RULING 1: Illegal. When the game clock displays three-tenths of a
second (.3) or less and play is to be resumed by a throw-in or a free
throw, a player may not gain possession of the ball and try for goal.
When this situation occurs, the official shall blow his whistle and the
period is over, unless a flagrant 1 or 2 personal foul was committed on
the play. Whether the try for goal was successfully attempted before the
expiration of time is inconsequential.
2: Legal. When the player does not possess (catch) the ball but taps it
into the basket before the period-ending horn sounds, the official
shall use replay equipment, videotape or television monitoring,
when available and located at courtside, to ascertain whether the
tap (try) that will determine the outcome of the game was released
before a reading of zeros on the game clock.
(Rule 5-1.18 and 11-3.1)
A.R. 102. Immediately after a successful goal or free throw by Team A, A1
inbounds the ball to A2, and A2 subsequently throws the ball through Team
A’s basket. Can this error be corrected?
RULING: The officials have erred in permitting the throw-in by A1
after Team A’s successful goal. The subsequent goal by Team A is not
considered to be erroneously counting a basket since the error was
the illegal throw-in by Team A. This error may be corrected in the
following manner.
When the error of permitting Team A to complete a throw-in after its
own successful goal is detected before the second live ball after the error,
the officials shall cancel any activity excluding a flagrant 2, flagrant 1
personal or any technical foul, put consumed time back on the clock,
assess a delay warning for interfering with the ball after a goal, or charge
A1 with a CLASS A technical foul when the act is deemed unsporting.
(Rule 4-10.1 and .2, and 10-4.1.m)
A.R. 103. As the hand of A1 contacts the ball to tap it toward the basket, B1
fouls A1. The ball is not airborne from the hand of A1.
RULING: The penalty for a foul on a tap is the same as the penalty for a
foul on a try. When the tap is successful, one free throw shall be awarded.
When the tap is unsuccessful, two free throws shall be awarded.
(Rule 5-1.8 and 10-1 Penalty b[1] and d[1])
A.R. 104. A1’s throw (pass) from behind the three-point line is deflected
while in flight by:
1. B1; or
2. A2, both of whom are located inside the three-point line.
RULING 1: When a ball thrown (passed) in the direction of the basket
from behind the three-point line with the possibility of entering the
basket from above is deflected by a defender, a three-point goal shall
be counted. However, if there is no possibility of the ball entering the basket from above and the deflection caused the goal to be successful,
a two-point goal shall be counted.
2: When a thrown (passed) ball is deflected by a teammate and the goal
is successful, two points shall be awarded.
When a passed ball hits the ring and does not enter the basket,
there is no reset of the shot clock.
(Rule 5-1.1, 5-1.2.a and 5-1.3 and .4)
A.R. 105. A1 becomes confused and shoots the ball at the wrong basket. A1
is fouled while trying to shoot and the ball goes in the basket. Is this a goal?
If A1 misses, should A1 be granted two free throws for the foul by the Team
B player?
RULING: No goal. The ball became dead when the foul occurred.
When a player shoots at the opponent’s basket, it is not a try. When
Team A is in the bonus when the Team B player fouls A1, A1 shall be
awarded a one-and-one. When Team A is not in the bonus, the ball
shall be awarded to Team A at a designated spot.
(Rule 5-1.1, 6-5.1.f, 10-1 Penalty c and a[1])
A.R. 106. A ball passed from behind the three-point line:
- Enters the basket from above and passes through;
- Is deflected and enters the basket from above and passes through; or
- Strikes the side of the ring or the flange.
RULING 1: A three-point goal shall be counted.
2: When there is no possibility of the ball entering the basket from
above and the deflection causes the goal to be successful, it shall be
a two-point goal. However, when a ball is passed in the direction of
the basket with the possibility of entering the basket from above and
the deflection does not influence its success, a three-point goal shall
be counted.
3: The ball shall remain live. In each case, when a passed ball hits the
ring and does not enter the basket, there is no reset of the shot clock.
(Rule 5-1.1, 5-1.2.a, 5-1.3 and .4, 4-24 and 2-11.6.d)
A.R. 107. During a try for goal but after A1 returns to the floor, B1 commits
a holding foul. The foul occurs before the bonus. The attempt is:
1. Successful; or
2. Unsuccessful.
RULING: A personal foul shall be charged to B1 in both (1) and (2)
but no free throw shall be awarded to A1 in either case since A1 is not
an airborne shooter and Team A is not in the bonus. In both (1) and
(2), the ball shall be awarded to Team A at a designated spot nearest to
where the foul occurred.
(Rule 10-1 Penalty a[1] and 7-4.4)
A.R. 108. A1 intercepts a pass and dribbles toward A’s basket for a breakaway
layup. Near A’s free-throw line, A1 legally stops and ends his dribble. A1
throws the ball against A’s backboard and follows the throw. While airborne,
A1 rebounds the ball off the backboard and dunks.
RULING: The play shall be legal since the backboard is located in A1’s
front court, which A1 is entitled to use.
(Rule 9-13.1 and 5-1.1 and .6)
A.R. 109. A1 is in possession of the ball and in the act of shooting when:
- B2 fouls A2 before the release of the ball; or
- A2 fouls B2 before the release of the ball.
RULING 1: Assess B2 with the foul committed against A2. A1’s try
for goal shall count when successful. Administer the bonus free throw
or award the ball to Team A at a designated spot nearest to where the
foul occurred.
2: Assess A2 with the foul committed against B2. A1’s try for field goal
shall not count when successful, since the ball became dead before
A1’s release. Award the ball to Team B at a designated spot nearest
to where the foul occurred.
(Rule 5-1.10, 10-1 Penalty a[1] and c, and 6-5.1.f )
A.R. 110. In a game without a courtside monitor available, and with the
score tied near the expiration of time in the second half, and:
1. Shooter A1 is fouled in the act of shooting but time expires before the
release of the ball;
2. Shooter A1 releases the ball, time expires, A1 is fouled while the ball is
in flight and the try is unsuccessful; or
3. Shooter A1 is fouled after time has expired and before the ball was
in flight.
RULING 1: When the official determines that the foul occurred before
the sounding of the game-clock horn, and signals for the clock to stop
and the timer fails to stop the clock, a timing mistake occurred and the
official shall put time back on the clock to when the foul was called.
The goal shall count. In this case, A1 is awarded one free throw. When
A1 makes the first shot, the game is over. However, when the official
signals for the clock to stop and it is so near the expiration of time that
the timer is unable to stop the clock, this is not a timer’s mistake and
time should not be placed back on the game clock. When the official
determines that the foul occurred before the sounding of the game-clock
horn, the basket shall not count and A1 is awarded two free throws.
When A1 makes the first shot, the game is over. When both free throws
are unsuccessful, the game continues with an extra period(s).
On a foul that occurs near the expiration of time, officials must
determine that the clock did not stop when the whistle sounded
either because a timing mistake occurred or because it was so near the
expiration of time that the timer is unable to stop the clock. In the first case, time is put back on the game clock and the game has not ended
and in the second case, time is not placed back on the clock and the
game has ended. When both free throws are unsuccessful, the game
continues with an extra period(s).
2: Since the try was released before the expiration of time and since the
foul occurred after time expired but while the ball was in flight, A1
shall attempt two free throws. When one free throw is successful,
the game is over. When both free throws are unsuccessful, the game
continues with an extra period(s).
3: When the foul occurs after the second half (or any period) has
clearly ended, the foul shall be ignored unless the foul was a flagrant
2 or technical. When the foul was a flagrant 2 or technical, the
offended team shall be awarded two free throws to begin the extra
period and play shall be resumed at the point of interruption, which
would be the jump ball to start the extra period, unless the foul was
a flagrant 2 or contact dead ball technical foul. In such cases, the
extra period shall begin with the ball awarded to the offended team
at the division line on either side of the playing court.
For games with a courtside monitor available, see A.R. 34.
(Rule 5-7.3.c.1, 5-7.6 and 6-6.2)
A.R. 111. As time for the first period expires and while the ball is in flight
during a field-goal try by A1, B2 commits a flagrant 1 personal foul against
A2. A2 is awarded two free throws with no time on the game clock and no
players occupying the marked lane spaces. After the ball has become dead
and after the last free throw by A2, A3 commits a flagrant 2 technical foul
against B3.
RULING: A3 shall be ejected. The foul by A3 was committed after the
first period has ended so the second period shall begin with the free
throws for this foul followed by a throw-in by Team B at the division
line. This foul shall count toward the team foul count for the second
period. The possession arrow is not reversed.
(Rule 5-7.6)
A.R. 112. Playing time has expired with the score tied, and:
- A1 is assessed with a CLASS A technical foul;
- A1 is assessed with a flagrant 2 technical foul; or
- A1 is assessed with a contact dead ball technical foul.
RULING 1: The extra period shall start by awarding a player from
Team B two free throws for the CLASS A technical foul that was
assessed to A1. Play shall resume at the point of interruption, which
would be a jump ball.
2: A1 shall be ejected and the extra period shall start by awarding a
player from Team B two free throws for the flagrant 2 technical foul
that was assessed to A1. Play shall resume with a throw-in for Team
B at the division line on either side of the court and the arrow shall
not be reversed. 3: The extra period shall start by awarding a player from Team B two
free throws for the contact dead ball technical foul that was assessed
to A1. Play shall resume with a throw-in for Team B at the division
line on either side of the court and the arrow shall not be reversed.
These fouls shall count toward the team foul count, disqualification
and ejection.
(Rule 5-7.6)
A.R. 113. After the first half has clearly ended, A1 is assessed a CLASS A
technical foul. Later, B1 taunts A1 and is assessed a CLASS A technical foul.
RULING: When the technical fouls assessed against A1 and B1 occur
at approximately the same time, they are offsetting and no free throws
are awarded. When the technical fouls assessed against A1 and B1
occurred as two separate acts (not approximately at the same time), the
second half shall begin by awarding two free throws for A1’s technical
foul followed by awarding two free throws for B1’s technical foul (order
of occurrence). Play shall resume at the point of interruption which,
in this case, is the awarding of the ball to the team favored by the
alternating-possession arrow to start the second period.
These fouls shall count toward the team foul count and toward an
individual’s disqualification and ejection.
(Rule 5-7.6, and 10-3 Penalty)
