2013 Flashcards
1
Q
rotations/second range
A
4000-6000
2
Q
checklist for handpiece safety
A
sterile and fit for use
- Backcap secure
- ensure cap does not rotate, never finger tighten
- insert bur
- try pull it out, make sure bur locates in chuck
- bur spins freely
- spin it on finger and see if it spins on own axis
- bur doesn’t wobble
- on finger and when switched on
- sounds OK
3
Q
mirrors
A
viewing intra orally, soft tissue retraction and protection
4
Q
Probes
A
No6 is straight
caries detection, point focus, surface testing, retraction
5
Q
CPITN probe
A
BPE
black bands 3.5-5.5mm
ball ended 0.5mm
6
Q
PCP-12 Prpbe
A
periodontal pocket chart
black bands 3-6mm and 9-12mm
7
Q
Tweezers
A
for handling small objects
either sugrical locking tweezers or college tweezers
8
Q
excavators (spoon or round)
A
caries excavation, material removal and manipulation, shaping and contouring of restorations
3 sizes
9
Q
plastics and flat plastics
A
manipulation of shapeable filling material (composite, GI)
10
Q
condensor
A
condensing amalgam, manipulate composite
standard plugger and lustra amalgam
11
Q
carvers
A
carving amalgam, shaping composite
12
Q
chisels
A
finishing cavo-surface margin angles, removal of unsupported enamel prisms
Blacks
Gingival Margin Trimmers
Blacks 84 (straight)
13
Q
burnishers
A
finishing amalgam restorations/manipulating composite
14
Q
applicators
A
placement of lining material - thymozin instruments
15
Q
spheno-occipital synchondrosis
A
open or closed?
closes by 16-25 years
16
Q
occipital bone - centres of ossification fused or separate?
A
fused by school children
17
Q
anterior fontanelle - fused or closed?
A
soft bit on babys head
98% closed by 2
18
Q
metopic suture present or absent?
A
usually disappears by 6
19
Q
mastoid process
disinct or indisinct?
A
distinct at about 2 years old
20
Q
tympanic ring or plate?
A
starts as tympanic ring but lengthens to plate
external auditius meatus
21
Q
mandible - mental symphsis fibrous or ossified?
A
unfused centre of mandible
22
Q
mandible angle between body and ramus - obtuse or markedly obtuse?
A
starts of markedly and gets less so
until teeth lost
23
Q
cavo-surface margins approx
A
90o
24
Q
line angles
A
2 points
25
point angles
3 points
26
principles for using Gracet currette
1. Determine LARGER, OUTER cutting edge before beginning
2. After visual inspection, confirm the correct cutting edge by adapting it to the tooth with the TERMINAL SHANK PARALLEL to the surface to be scaled.
3. Only the back (flat, shiny face) of the instrument can be seen from above if the correct edge has been selected
4. Lower shank is parallel to tooth
5. Use fulcrum & finger rest
6. Vertical & diagonal cutting strokes may be made
27
syringe
Before beginning, check patients medical history & check injection site
1. Tear back sterile seal of cartridge, check sell by date & insert gold end into syringe
2. Grip & retract plunger handle to cover silicone washer. Roll plunger onto cartridge
3. Slide protective sheath back towards handle until it CLICKS. Make sure there is no gap and plunger is locked to syringe handle
4. Remove needle cap & discard it. Needle is ready for use
5. Passive aspiration & Active aspiration
6. To change cartridge, slide sheath up to 1st holding position, remove & change
7. When used lock needle in 2nd holding position of-Do not try unlock when like this
8. Fully retract & peel plunger - autoclave. Needle in sharps box & cartridge in glass box
28
all deciduous teeth by
2 and half years
29
all permanent teeth by
12 years
bar 8s
30
rough rate of tooth eruption
every 6 months of life roughly 4 teeth will erupt
31
sequence of deciduous eruption
A
B
D
C
E
(first molars before canine)
32
permanent teeth eruption
All lowers develop before uppers except 5s
Upper:
* 1st molar then front to back EXCEPT 3s:
* 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8
Lower:
* 1st molar then front to back:
* 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
33
root completion
3 years from eruption date to get complete apexogenesis
34
upper right 1st primary molar morphology
2 buccal roots;1 lingual.
* Mesio-buccal root is wider cervically than disto-buccal root is
Tubercle of Zuckerkandl on mesio-buccal cusp
4 cusps.
* Large mesio-buccal & diminutive disto-buccal.
* Mirrored lingually
35
lower right first primary molar morphology
* Prominent tubercle (Tubercle of Zuckerkandl on mesio buccal cusp)
* 4 cusps.
* Mesio cusps larger than distal.
* Buccal cusps are seen to lean lingually
36
upper right second primary molar morphology
Replica of permanent first maxillary
2 buccal roots;1 lingual.
Transverse ridge
Cusp of Carabelli often seen on lingual surface of mesio-lingual cusp
37
lower right 2nd primary molar morphology
3 cusps like permanent first
Similar to mandibular permanent first molar
5 cusps: Three buccal & two lingual
* Buccal cusps have a lingual lean
38
maxillary tuberosity
Bulge behind maxillary 2nd molars
39
hamular notch
notch behind tuberosity at junction of maxillar and hamular process of sphenoid
40
vibrating line
where hard and soft palate meet
41
palatine fovea
sit just behind vibrating line - plays role in gag reflex
42
palatine raphe
line runs down centre of hard palate
43
palatine rugae
wrinkles at the side of the hard palate
44
incisive papilla
elevation of tissue just behind two front teeth
45
maxilla anatomical points
* maxillary tuberoisty
* hamular notch
* vibrating line
* palatine fovea
* palatine raphe
* palatine rugae
* incisive papilla
46
mandibular anatomical points
* pear shaped pads
* retromolar pads
* buccal shelf
* labial frenum and sulcus
* buccal frenum and sulcus
* lingual frenum and sulcus
* mandibular tori
* mylohyoid ridge
* pterygomandibular raphe
* dorsal surface of tongue
* ventral surface of tongue
47
pear shaped pads
scarring after removal of the most distal molar
keratinised tissue
48
retromolar pads
elevation distal to mandibular 2nd molar
non-keratinised extension of pear shaped
49
buccal shelf
area between buccal frenum and anteiror border of masseter
50
mandibular tori
abnormal bony prominence
51
mylohyoid ridge
lingual surface of mandible
52
ptyergomandibular raphe
stretches from back of upper last molar to botton of lower molar
site of LA injection
53
dorsal surface of tongue
top of tongue
54
ventral surface of tongue
bottom of tongue
55
what to do in primary avulsion
Wash under water 10s by holding crown & reimplant or store in a cup if patients saliva/saline
Flexible splint for 2 weeks for avulsion.
* One abutment tooth either side.
* Must be passive.
56
flexible splint for avulsion
1. cut & bend 0.6mm stainless steel wire. Measure length using a piece of floss, and bend using Adams pliers
2. Acid etch 10s on middle of tooth, apply prime & bond
3. Apply composite to traumatised tooth and those adjacent, avoiding contact areas
4. Sink the contoured, **passive** wire into the composite
5. Shape & cure composite. Add thin covering to top of wire
6. Smooth rough composite and wire ends
57
survey
determines guide planes and undercuts and marks survey lines for fabrication of RPD
58
survey lines represent
largest concavity of tooth in relation to planned path of insertion
59
Guide planes
2 or more parallel tooth surfaces which determine path of insertion adn withrawal of RPD
60
path of insertion
path followed by denture from first contact with teeth/tissue until it fully seats
61
path of displacement
any path by which the denture can be displaced
62
common path of displacement
taken at 90o to the occlusal plane (horizontal)
63
role of surverying
carried out to eliminate undercut areas that would prevent the denture from being inserted/removed
or for the undercuts that can be utilised by clasps
64
tools for surverying
chuck holds it
analysing rod, graphite markers, 3 undercut gauges, wax knife
65
how to survey
1. Position cast onto surveyor table & orientate to common path of displacement
2. Tripod cast as common path of displacement
3. ‘Eyeball’ abutment teeth & associated soft tissue with analysing rod
4. Mark upper & lower survey lines on abutment teeth & associated soft tissue with graphite marker
5. Select undercut gauge and clearly identify undercuts which cannot be seen for mechanical retention
66
tripoding in surveying
records the common path of displacement and insertion and withdrawal
67
surveying table can be tilted to
* **Provide retention** (using guide surfaces of teeth)
* **Improve appearance** (close unsightly gaps)
* **Eliminate interference** (undercuts present satisfactory path of insertion)
68
survey line indicates extent of undercut
so
below line must be used or blocked out
69
tilting table of surveyor affects
path of insertion
70
why change path of insertion
aesthetics
retention
interference
(make it different from common path of displacement)
71
RPD design components
support
retention
connector and minor connector
acrylic retention
72
support in RPD
rests - occlusal, cingulum, incisal, ledge
73
retention in RPD
occlusally or gingivally approaching (ring)
reciprocation or bracing (arm or plate)
74
major connector in RPD
open or closed design
Maxilla
* anterior, mid palatal, posterior or ring
Manidble
* lingual bar (needs 8mm), lingual plate, Kennedy bar, sub-lingual plate
75
minor connector in RPD
joins components to major connetor
76
acrylic retention in RPD
mesh
bar
post
77
finsihing lines in RPD
bounded or free end saddle
78
instruction for lab presscriptions needs
What does the dental technician need to know?
What do you want the technician to do?
79
1st visit RPD
Selection of stock trays & alginate primary impressions taken
Disinfect & sealed clear bag with gauze
Instructions 1st clinical
* Please pour up primary impressions in dental stone
* Please make special trays (1-2mm spacer) with working handle.
Do we need articulated study casts? (free end saddle? if yes - record blocks needed)
80
before 2nd visit for RPD
what do you need to do
Survey to path of insertion to decide undercuts.
RPD Design
81
2nd RPD visit
Secondary impressions with special trays
* after any tooth prep needed for design
Send design - get signed off by clincian
Instructions 2nd clinical
* Please pour up working impression (Master) and construct working duplicate
* Construct wax occlusal rims.
* Indicate whether these need to be wax or resin
82
3rd RPD visit
Patients without occlusal contacts and stops to indicate correct ICP
Patients with occlusal contacts in the ICP
Instructions 3rd clinical
* Please articulate casts to registration provided
* Please set up teeth for wax trial or construct metal framework for metal wax trial
* Tooth selection: Material, Mould, Shade
83
instructions for final RPD visit after successful wax trial
Please flask pack and finish (CoCr) or please process in acrylic resin
84
5 moments of social handwashing
* Before touching a patient
* Before a clean/aseptic procedure
* After bodily fluid exposure risk
* After touching the patient
* After touching patient surroundings
85
stages in complete dentures
Stage 1-primary impressions in alginate or impression compound.
* Ask for: pour in 50:50plaster/stone, construct upper and lower custom trays in light cured PMMA, non-perforated, withupper 2mm spacing and lower 1mm spacing(close fitting), intra oral handles and finger stops
Stage 2-master impressions in silicone or polyether.
* Ask for: please pour in 100% dental stone andconstruct wax rims for jaw registration. Return rims on casts.
Stage 3-jaw registration.
* Ask for–please mount casts in registration and set teeth for wax trial.Return wax trial dentures on mounted casts.
Stage 4–trial.
* Ask for retrial if required, or please finish in heat cured PMMA and return on casts.
Stage 5–Delivery
86
stage 1 to 2 complete dentures
primary imps to master imps
pour in 50:50plaster/stone, construct upper and lower custom trays in light cured PMMA, non-perforated, withupper 2mm spacing and lower 1mm spacing(close fitting), intra oral handles and finger stops
87
stage 2 to 3 complete dentures
master imps to jaw reg
please pour in 100% dental stone andconstruct wax rims for jaw registration. Return rims on casts.
88
stage 3 to 4 complete dentures
jaw reg to trial
please mount casts in registration and set teeth for wax trial.Return wax trial dentures on mounted casts
89
after stage 4 complete dentures
Ask for retrial if required,
or please finish in heat cured PMMA and return on cast
