Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surgery ELOOPs > 2012 > Flashcards

2012 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the name of the machine?
  2. What is the size of the stone you will use it in?
  3. Contraindication?
A
  1. ESWL
  2. 0.5cm to 2cm
  3. Pregnancy and bleeding tendency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. What is the specific test for this condition?
  3. What is the treatment?
  4. Complication of the treatment
  5. What is the defect in this condition?
A
  1. Varicocele
  2. Semen analysis? Or US with Doppler?
  3. Varicocelectomy
  4. Hydrocele, hematoma, infection, recurrent varicocele
  5. Patent process vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Diagnosis?
  2. How to manage?
A
  1. Testicular torsion
    • Surgical de-torsion + bilateral orchidopexy if the testis is viable
    • Remove testes and orchidopexy for the other testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Describe.
  2. 4 complication of the procedure?
A
  1. Multinodular goiter
    • Hypocalcemia
    • Thyroid storm
    • Hematoma
    • Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What do you see?
  2. What is your diagnosis?
  3. Mention TWO causes that can lead to this condition?.
  4. Mention briefly how you would manage this patient in the emergency room
A
    • Multiple air-fluid levels
    • Dilated bowel with prominent plica circularis
  2. Small bowel obstruction
  3. Adhesion, Gallstone ileus, Volvulus, hernia
  4. NPO, fluid and electrolyte resuscitation, NG tube, and foley’s catheter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Patient came to you with very severe pain in his perianal area
1. What is your diagnosis?
2. List 2 methods of treatment?

A
  1. Anal fissure
    • Sitz bath
    • Stool softeners
    • GTN ointment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. List two abnormal findings
  2. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A

1.
- Skin ulceration with destruction of the nipple areola complex
- Skin erythema with peau d’orange [dimpling of the skin]
2. Inflammatory Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the diagnosis?
List two management options.

A
  1. Thrombophlebitis
  2. Remove cannula, alternate hot/cold compresses, NSAIDs / Change the area for IV cannula to other hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the abnormality?

A

A: hypertrophic scar
B: keloid scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Diagnosis
  2. What Nerve is at risk?
A
  1. Posterior hip dislocation
  2. Sciatic nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What is the abnormality in the picture?
  2. What type of injuries are associated with it?
  3. How to manage it?
A
  1. Lumbar compression fracture at L1?
    • Calcaneus fracture
    • Hip fracture
  3. Discectomy, laminectomy, and posterior fixation ?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is an ERCP film of a 35-year-old patient.
1. List two abnormal findings.
2. List two symptoms this patient might present with.
3.List three potential complications specific for this procedure.

A
  1. Dilation of the common bile duct / Multiple filling defects within CBD
    • Right upper quadrant pain
    • Dark urine, Pale stool, yellow sclera
    • Pancreatitis
    • Infection [ascending cholangitis]
    • Bleeding
    • Perforation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify

A
  • A? Cystic duct
  • B? Cystic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. What is this?
  2. What is your diagnosis?
A
  1. Creeping fat
  2. Crohn’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient was vomiting and they gave us her weight age and few things more.
1. Calculate the IV fluid needed (use the formula)
2. What kind of fluid would you give her?
3. How to test for her electrolyte levels?

A
  2. Normal saline + KCL
  3. RFTs / CBC with electrolytes / PH?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is the full name of the test?
  2. List two possible differential diagnoses.
A
  1. uroflowmetry [a urodynamic study]
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    • Urethral stricture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Questions about Charcot’s foot deformity (Diabetic foot) with ulcer at the sole of the foot and amputated toe
1. What is the diagnosis?
2. How do you treat this patient?
3. What are the pathophysiological causes? (Mention 4)
4. Mention 2 investigations that would you do to this patient other than blood tests

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. What’s the diagnosis?
  2. How do you treat this patient?
  3. What is the investigation?
  4. What is the most common cause?
A
  1. Cellulitis of Left Leg
  2. -
  3. -
  4. -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. What group of symptoms that you want to illicit/produce on this patient?
  2. What is the investigations you want to do?
  3. How do you treat this patient?
  4. After the patient underwent thyroidectomy, she choked and coughed after the intubations was removed. What is the likely mechanism? (What is the complication if this patient done thyroidectomy?)
  5. A histology picture was added, asking what is it? And what is the diagnosis?
A
  1. -
  2. -
  3. -
  4. Bilateral Injury of recurrent laryngeal nerves, causing laryngeal obstruction (Surgical Emergency)
  5. Possibly normal thyroid histology/ expect for enlarged follicle or colloid space??
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Xray of SBO with gallstone ileus.
1. Mention 4 findings of this abdominal X-Ray
2. What is the diagnosis?
3. Mention the most common causes
4. How would you manage this patient?

A
    • Multiple Air-Fluid Levels
    • Prominent Pilica Circularis (valvulae conniventes)
    • Dilated loops of small bowel proximal to the site of obstruction
    • Gallstone ileus
  2. SBO
    • Adhesions
    • Hernia
    • Gallstone ileus
  4. NPO -> 2 large bore IV fluids to correct electrolytes level -> insertion of NGT + insertion of Foley’s Catheter to monitor the urine output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is an ERCP film of a 35-year-old patient.
1. List two abnormal findings.
2. List two symptoms this patient might present with.
3. List three potential complications specific for this procedure.

A
    • Dilation of the common bile duct
    • Multiple filling defects within the common bile duct
    • Right upper quadrant pain
    • Dark urine, Pale stool, yellow sclera
    • Pancreatitis
    • Infection [ascending cholangitis]
    • Bleeding
    • Perforation
22
Q

A picture of Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube is shown here
1. Which balloon would be inflated FIRST?
2. Why does we use it?

A
  1. Gastric Balloon
  2. Acute life-threatening bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices that does not respond to medical therapy (including endoscopic hemostasis and vasoconstrictor therapy)
23
Q

A 32-year old Patient with weight of 75 KG and height of 171 came to you with repeated vomiting with gastric outlet obstruction
1. What are the electrolyte abnormalities?
2. Calculate the fluid intake (know the formula from the MSD lecture + last page of Academiya’s Examine me)
3. What IV regimen should we give to this patient?
4. How do we test for this patient’s electrolyte levels?

24
Q

A 59 year old male reports a history of painless hematuria. The urologist did him a cystoscopy which revealed the shown abnormality.
1. Describe the finding seen on cystoscopy
2. Based on this finding, what’s your next step?
3. Mention two investigations to be conducted other than CBC and RFT
4. mention 4 risk factors for devloping such condition
5. name two histological types of such lesion

A
  1. A papillary lesion in the bladder wall most likely to be bladder carcinoma
  2. I will resect the tumor during cystoscopy looking for muscle invasion and hence, staging the carcinoma
    • Urine cytology
    • CT urogram
    • Kidney ultrasound for hydronephrosis
    • Metastasiswork up
    • smoking
    • exposure to industrial dyes and solvents
    • cyclophosphamide use
    • schistosomiasis
    • indwelling catheters
    • chronic cystisis
    • transitional cell carcinoma
    • squamous cell carcinoma
25
Q

A coronal CT-KUB image was shown
Mention 2 abnormalities

A
  • Left Hydronephrosis
  • Left ureteric stone
26
Q
  1. What is the full name of the test?
  2. What is the diagnosis?
A
  1. uroflowmetry [a urodynamic study]
  2. (check the summary from Al- Ashqar)
     Benign prostatic hyperplasia
27
Q
  1. Diagnosis?
  2. What Nerve is at risk?
A
  1. Posterior hip dislocation
  2. Sciatic nerve
28
Q

A 70-year diabetic female patient complaining of pain and stiffness in her right shoulder. An X-ray picture of her right shoulder is shown
1. What is the diagnosis?
2. How would you treat this patient?

A
  1. OA of right acromioclavicular joint
  2. NSAIDs, Analgesics, and Physiotherapy / AC Joint Osteotomy / Arthroscopy
29
Q
  1. Mention the instruments used for this patient
  2. Mention 3 complications
A
  1. Screws & Plate
    • Neurovascular injury
    • Limitation of joint motion
    • Malunion / delayed union
    • Infection or compartment syndrome
    • Movement of the installed hardware
30
Q

What is the abnormality?

A

A: hypertrophic scar B: keloid scar

31
Q

Patient has history of ulcerative colitis.
1. What is you diagnosis?
2. What are the x-ray findings?
3. What is the management?
4. After 1 month of therapy, patient deteriorates & comes with severe pain. What do you do?

A
  1. Toxic megacolon
  2. Dilated colon
  3. ABC, NPO, IVF, NGT, IV antibiotics, IV steroids, 5-ASA
  4. Colectomy
32
Q

Lactating female.
1. What is your diagnosis?
2. How will you manage?

A
  1. Lactational breast abscess
  2. Aspirate / Incision & drainage Antibiotics
33
Q
  1. What is this device?
  2. Why is it used?
A
  1. incentive spirometer
  2. Helps patient exercise their lungs post-op to prevent lung congestion.
34
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. How would you treat?
A
  1. Sebaceous cyst
  2. Excision
35
Q
  1. List 2 abnormal findings
  2. List 4 complications of this disease:
A
  1. Stone in GB (hyperechoic) / Posterior acoustic shadow (cant say thickened wall etc. as history wasn’t suggestive of acute cholecystitis)
  2. Acute cholecystitis / Choledocholithiasis / Ascending cholangitis / Biliary pancreatitis / Gallstone ileus
36
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. List 2 methods of treatment?
A
  1. Anal fissure
  2. Sitz bath / Stool softeners / GTN ointment
37
Q
  1. List 2 symptoms the patient will complain of:
  2. List 2 abnormalities in this patients semen analysis:
A
  1. dragging sensation / scrotal swelling
  2. hypomotility (asthenospermia) / abnormal form (teratospermia) / low sperm count (oligospermia)
38
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Intra-peritoneal rupture of bladder

39
Q

Female patient, smoker, complains of painless hematuria
1. What is the test used?
2. What are 2 contraindications?
3. List 4 differential diagnosis: (I’m assuming they meant for hematuria & not for the CT image)

A
  1. CT with contrast
  2. Renal impairment / Pregnancy / Allergic to dye
  3. RCC / PKD / Stones / Bladder Ca
40
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. How would you treat?
A
  1. Testicular torsion
  2. Detorsion with bilateral orchidopexy
41
Q
  1. What is this test?
  2. What can cause this condition?
A
  1. Retrograde urethrogram
  2. Trauma / Infection
42
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. List 2 complications
  3. List 2 treatment options
A
  1. Stone in right kidney
  2. Pyelonephritis / Hydronephrosis
  3. ESWL / PCNL
43
Q
  1. Based on the specimen, what is your diagnosis?
  2. What is the indication for total colectomy?
  3. What is the mode of inheritance?
  4. How will you screen?
  5. What is the name of the mutated gene?
  6. What would a tissue section show?
A
  1. FAP
  2. They have 100% risk of developing CRC
  3. AD
  4. Colonoscopy
  5. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC)
  6. Tubular adenoma
44
Q

Available fluids: 0.9% NS + KCL / LR / pRBCs / FFP / Starch / 5% Dextrose in 0.9% NS

Case 1: Male post-liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. HR 133, BP 90/50, Hb 5.6, Plt 85, INR 1.07
Case 2: 3-day history of vomiting secondary to obstructed stomach cancer. HR 95, BP 110/60, Hb 9.4, Plt 450, INR 0.9
Case 3: Patient scheduled for hernia repair tomorrow. HR 88, BP 120/70, Hb 15.1, Plt 340, INR 0.91
Case 4: Patient with multiple rib fractures & right humerus following RTA. HR 140, BP 65/40, Hb 12.2, Plt 280, INR 1.1

A
  1. PRBCs
  2. NS+ KCL
  3. LR
  4. Dextrose NS
45
Q
  1. What is your diagnosis?
  2. What nerve is at risk?
  3. What clinical test will be positive?
A
  1. Anterior shoulder dislocation
  2. Axillary nerve
  3. Apprehension/relocation test
46
Q

There was an x-ray showing fracture of the radius & ulna shaft.
Patient had numbness of palmar aspect of the hand over the thenar & index finger.
1. What nerve is affected?
2. How would you manage?

A
  1. Median nerve
  2. ORIF?
47
Q
  1. What test is being performed?
  2. What is the function of the structure tested in the picture?
A
  1. Lachman’s test
  2. ACL prevents anterior translation of the tibia
48
Q
  1. List 2 complications of casts
  2. What fracture is treated with the cast in the picture?
A
  1. Compartment syndrome / Joint stiffness / Burn / Ulcers on pressure points / Nerve injuries
  2. Wrist fractures
49
Q

5 year old female presents with limping gait
1. What is your diagnosis?
2. List 2 xray findings to support your diagnosis

A
  1. DDH
  2. 1) Shallow acetabulum
    2) Small femur head
    3) Femur head in upper outer quadrant
    4) Broken Shenton line
50
Q
  1. What are 2 causes of mortality in the first 72 hours?
  2. How would you manage immediately?
A
  1. Bleeding / Septic Shock
  2. 1) ATLS
    2) Assess urogenital injury
    3) Stabilize hemodynamically (fluids & blood)
    4) If hemodynamically unstable + unstable pelvis → pelvic binder
    5) If still bleeding → diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) or focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) [to detect hemoperitoneum]
    6) If either is positive → laparotomy
    7) If negative → angiography with embolisation or application of an external fixator
51
Q

Identify the following structures:

A

A) Cystic duct
B) Common bile duct
C) Pancreatic duct

Surgery ELOOPs (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions