2010

Question 1

_ ______________________ is the cause of exudative epidermitis in young pigs

Answer 1

Staphylococcus hyicus subspecies 1

Question 2

_ _____________ is the cause of pyelonephritis in swine

Answer 2

Actinobaculum suis

Question 3

_______________________ is the cause of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants

Answer 3

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis

Question 4

____________________________________ is the cause of diphtheria in humans

Answer 4

Corynebacterium diptheria

Question 5

____________________________________ is a cause of unilateral facial paralysis, meningoencephalitis, blindness and abortions in ruminants.

Answer 5

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 6

__or is a common cause of wound infections, reproductive tract infections and secondary respiratory tract infections in horses

Answer 6

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Question 7

___________________________ is an Fc-receptor protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 7

Protein A

Question 8

___________________ are enzymes that catalyze crosslinking of peptidoglycan

Answer 8

Transpeptidases

Question 9

__________is a commonly used beta-lactam antimicrobial

Answer 9

Pencillin

Question 10

_________ is the bacterial component to which penicillinase resistant penicillins bind

Answer 10

Transpeptidase or PBP

Question 11

________ is one of the newer long-acting macrolide antimicrobials approved for use in animals.

Answer 11

Draxxin

Question 12

_______________ is the Staphylococcus species that was previously confused with S. intermedius because the two organisms are biochemically very similar

Answer 12

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Question 13

_________ is the primary cell type involved in resistance of humans to Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 13

Neutrophils/ PMNs

Question 14

_________________________ are added to immunizing products and act by either slowing down the absorption of antigens or modifying the immune response to them

Answer 14

Adjuvants

Question 15

____________________ are composed of polyribitol or polyglycerol phosphates produced by bacteria that can act as adhesins on mucosal surfaces

Answer 15

Teichoic acids

Question 16

___________________ is a specific type of capsular material found produced by some streptococci that mimics host tissue to some extent.

Answer 16

Hyaluronic acid

Question 17

____________(eg., azithromycin, clarithromycin,)___ plus _ _______________ are the drugs of choice for treating Rhodococcus equi in foals

Answer 17

Long acting macrolides

Rifampin

Question 18

___________________ and _ ___________________ are the two major toxins produced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Answer 18

Phospholipase D

Surface Lipid

Question 19

6) List three distinct superantigens that we have discussed so far in this course and the organisms that produce them.

Answer 19

Superantigen Name of organism

TSST-1 S. aureus

Exfoilative Toxins S. aureus

Enterotoxins S. aureus

Erythrogenic Toxins S. pyogenes

Question 20

(4) List two major mechanisms of action of toxins that act intracellularly.(4) List two major mechanisms of action of toxins that act intracellularly.

Answer 20

Increase cAMP levels

Interfere w/ protein synthesis (NAD- depended ADP-ribosylation of Elongation factor 2)

Question 21

(6) Simple (non-complex) bacterial polysaccharides are usually processed by a T-cell independent response. List three salient characteristics of a T-cell independent response

Answer 21

No memory- anamestic response, late or delated response

Isotype restriction, no class switching only get IgM

No affinity maturation

Question 22

(6) List three mechanisms by which bacteria gain entry through epithelial cells and into deeper tissues

Answer 22

Trauma or puncture, uptake at antigen sampling sites, disruption by cytotoxins

Endocytosis or receptor mediated endocytosis

Direct penetration

Question 23

(4) List two major mechanisms by which bacteria are able to break down highly toxic forms of oxygen.

Answer 23

Inactivation of superoxide anion w/ superoxide dismutase

Degradation of hydrogen peroxide by catalase or peroxidase

Question 24

(6) List the three major forms of anthrax in humans.

Answer 24

Cutaneous- malignant carbuncle

Gastroenteritis

Respiratory- wool sorters disease

Question 25

Which of the following is a thiol-activated cytolytic toxin? a. Exfoliative toxin of Staphylococcus aureus b. TSST-1 of Staphylococcus aureus c. Listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes d. Phospholipase D of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e. Edema factor of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 25

c. Listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes

Question 26

which of the following is not a common infection caused by Arcanobacterium pyogenes in cattle? Urinary tract infections b. Uterine infection c. Abortion d. Chronic abscessing mastitis e. Superficial abscesses

Answer 26

b. Uterine infection

Question 27

Which of the following organisms does not have soil or decaying plant material as a natural habitat? a. Rhodococcus equi b. Arcanobacterium pyogenes c. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis d. Corynebacterium renale e. Bacillus anthracis

Answer 27

d. Corynebacterium renale

Question 28

Which of the following is the major structural difference between teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids? a. Lipoteichoic acids are bound to the cell membrane of gram positive bacteria and teichoic acids are not bound to the cell membrane. b. Lipoteichoic acids protrude through the peptidoglycan layer and onto the bacterial surface and teichoic acids do not. c. Lipoteichoic acids express a much more complex antigenic structure on the surface of bacteria than teichoic acids do. d. All the above e. None of the above.

Answer 28

a. Lipoteichoic acids are bound to the cell membrane of gram positive bacteria and teichoic acids are not bound to the cell membrane.

Question 29

Streptococcus equi can be easily transmitted on fomites.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The immune response of horses against Rhodococcus equi becomes better as the age of the animal increases.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Streptococcus suis is very host specific for swine and presents little or no danger to other animals.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Resistance to methicillin is seen in some isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Exposure to disinfectants can induce a low-level antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic is the best method to accurately assess bactericidal activity.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Modified live vaccines are more likely to multiply at the site of inoculation which, in turn, causes them to induce a T-cell independent response.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Endotoxin bound to non-cell-associated CD14 is rapidly transferred to lipoprotein and becomes even more toxic.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Antigens derived from facultative intracellular parasites can be processed endogenously or exogenously.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Most bacterial capsules are composed of lipoteichoic acids.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Pregnancy or other stresses seem to be important predisposing factors for pyelonephritis in cattle and swine.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Pregnancy or other stresses seem to be important predisposing factors for Listeriosis in humans.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is partially dependent on the serotype of the organism.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The chronic form of erysipelas in swine is usually manifested as arthritis and endocarditis.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Rhodococcus equi and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can remain infectious even when exposed to drying conditions.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Lancefield’s Group B streptococci are important causes of meningoencephalitis in swine.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Enterococci are considered to be normal flora and are therefore not of any concern for disease production

Answer 45

False

Question 46

The host immune system is almost always unable to mount an immune response against the surface antigens of its own normal flora even if those antigens are injected parenterally..

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Antibody against the capsule of Bacillus anthracis is considered to be highly protective

Answer 47

False