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MIcro Exam 1 > 2010 > Flashcards

2010 Flashcards

1
Q

_ ______________________ is the cause of exudative epidermitis in young pigs

A

Staphylococcus hyicus subspecies 1

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2
Q

_ _____________ is the cause of pyelonephritis in swine

A

Actinobaculum suis

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3
Q

_______________________ is the cause of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis

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4
Q

____________________________________ is the cause of diphtheria in humans

A

Corynebacterium diptheria

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5
Q

____________________________________ is a cause of unilateral facial paralysis, meningoencephalitis, blindness and abortions in ruminants.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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6
Q

__or is a common cause of wound infections, reproductive tract infections and secondary respiratory tract infections in horses

A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

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7
Q

___________________________ is an Fc-receptor protein produced by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Protein A

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8
Q

___________________ are enzymes that catalyze crosslinking of peptidoglycan

A

Transpeptidases

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9
Q

__________is a commonly used beta-lactam antimicrobial

A

Pencillin

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10
Q

_________ is the bacterial component to which penicillinase resistant penicillins bind

A

Transpeptidase or PBP

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11
Q

________ is one of the newer long-acting macrolide antimicrobials approved for use in animals.

A

Draxxin

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12
Q

_______________ is the Staphylococcus species that was previously confused with S. intermedius because the two organisms are biochemically very similar

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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13
Q

_________ is the primary cell type involved in resistance of humans to Staphylococcus aureus

A

Neutrophils/ PMNs

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14
Q

_________________________ are added to immunizing products and act by either slowing down the absorption of antigens or modifying the immune response to them

A

Adjuvants

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15
Q

____________________ are composed of polyribitol or polyglycerol phosphates produced by bacteria that can act as adhesins on mucosal surfaces

A

Teichoic acids

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16
Q

___________________ is a specific type of capsular material found produced by some streptococci that mimics host tissue to some extent.

A

Hyaluronic acid

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17
Q

____________(eg., azithromycin, clarithromycin,)___ plus _ _______________ are the drugs of choice for treating Rhodococcus equi in foals

A

Long acting macrolides

Rifampin

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18
Q

___________________ and _ ___________________ are the two major toxins produced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Phospholipase D

Surface Lipid

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19
Q

6) List three distinct superantigens that we have discussed so far in this course and the organisms that produce them.

A

Superantigen Name of organism

TSST-1 S. aureus

Exfoilative Toxins S. aureus

Enterotoxins S. aureus

Erythrogenic Toxins S. pyogenes

20
Q

(4) List two major mechanisms of action of toxins that act intracellularly.(4) List two major mechanisms of action of toxins that act intracellularly.

A

Increase cAMP levels

Interfere w/ protein synthesis (NAD- depended ADP-ribosylation of Elongation factor 2)

21
Q

(6) Simple (non-complex) bacterial polysaccharides are usually processed by a T-cell independent response. List three salient characteristics of a T-cell independent response

A

No memory- anamestic response, late or delated response

Isotype restriction, no class switching only get IgM

No affinity maturation

22
Q

(6) List three mechanisms by which bacteria gain entry through epithelial cells and into deeper tissues

A

Trauma or puncture, uptake at antigen sampling sites, disruption by cytotoxins

Endocytosis or receptor mediated endocytosis

Direct penetration

23
Q

(4) List two major mechanisms by which bacteria are able to break down highly toxic forms of oxygen.

A

Inactivation of superoxide anion w/ superoxide dismutase

Degradation of hydrogen peroxide by catalase or peroxidase

24
Q

(6) List the three major forms of anthrax in humans.

A

Cutaneous- malignant carbuncle

Gastroenteritis

Respiratory- wool sorters disease

25
Q

Which of the following is a thiol-activated cytolytic toxin?

a. Exfoliative toxin of Staphylococcus aureus
b. TSST-1 of Staphylococcus aureus
c. Listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes
d. Phospholipase D of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
e. Edema factor of Bacillus anthracis

A

c. Listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes

26
Q

which of the following is not a common infection caused by Arcanobacterium pyogenes in cattle?

Urinary tract infections

b. Uterine infection
c. Abortion
d. Chronic abscessing mastitis
e. Superficial abscesses

A

b. Uterine infection

27
Q

Which of the following organisms does not have soil or decaying plant material as a natural habitat?

a. Rhodococcus equi
b. Arcanobacterium pyogenes
c. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
d. Corynebacterium renale
e. Bacillus anthracis

A

d. Corynebacterium renale

28
Q

Which of the following is the major structural difference between teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids?

a. Lipoteichoic acids are bound to the cell membrane of gram positive bacteria and teichoic acids are not bound to the cell membrane.
b. Lipoteichoic acids protrude through the peptidoglycan layer and onto the bacterial surface and teichoic acids do not.
c. Lipoteichoic acids express a much more complex antigenic structure on the surface of bacteria than teichoic acids do.
d. All the above
e. None of the above.

A

a. Lipoteichoic acids are bound to the cell membrane of gram positive bacteria and teichoic acids are not bound to the cell membrane.

29
Q

Streptococcus equi can be easily transmitted on fomites.

A

True

30
Q

The immune response of horses against Rhodococcus equi becomes better as the age of the animal increases.

A

True

31
Q

Streptococcus suis is very host specific for swine and presents little or no danger to other animals.

A

False

32
Q

Resistance to methicillin is seen in some isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

A

True

33
Q

Exposure to disinfectants can induce a low-level antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

A

True

34
Q

Determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic is the best method to accurately assess bactericidal activity.

A

False

35
Q

Modified live vaccines are more likely to multiply at the site of inoculation which, in turn, causes them to induce a T-cell independent response.

A

False

36
Q

Endotoxin bound to non-cell-associated CD14 is rapidly transferred to lipoprotein and becomes even more toxic.

A

False

37
Q

Antigens derived from facultative intracellular parasites can be processed endogenously or exogenously.

A

True

38
Q

Most bacterial capsules are composed of lipoteichoic acids.

A

False

39
Q

Pregnancy or other stresses seem to be important predisposing factors for pyelonephritis in cattle and swine.

A

True

40
Q

Pregnancy or other stresses seem to be important predisposing factors for Listeriosis in humans.

A

True

41
Q

Disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is partially dependent on the serotype of the organism.

A

True

42
Q

The chronic form of erysipelas in swine is usually manifested as arthritis and endocarditis.

A

True

43
Q

Rhodococcus equi and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can remain infectious even when exposed to drying conditions.

A

True

44
Q

Lancefield’s Group B streptococci are important causes of meningoencephalitis in swine.

A

False

45
Q

Enterococci are considered to be normal flora and are therefore not of any concern for disease production

A

False

46
Q

The host immune system is almost always unable to mount an immune response against the surface antigens of its own normal flora even if those antigens are injected parenterally..

A

True

47
Q

Antibody against the capsule of Bacillus anthracis is considered to be highly protective

A

False

MIcro Exam 1 (2 decks)

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