20 The Progressive Era

Question 1

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Answer 1

Killed mainly women and girls, shocking people in action and reformation against the inequalities of American society
- caused because doors of factories were shut to prevent workers from unauthorizzed breaks
- many died due to unsafe working conditions

Question 2

“muckrakers”

Answer 2

Journalists whom exposed corruption and poverty arousing public demands for reformation
- labeled by Theodore Roosevelt, confirming Americans’ suspicions about runaway wealth and political corruption
- Investigative Journalists

Question 3

Social Gospel

Answer 3

A response to social and economic problems, advocated by campaigning pastors
- emphasized need for Christians to be concerned for salvation of scoeity and adovcates Christians to engage society, challenge socially/politcal/economic structures
- fueled progressive reformation
- Using religion for the goal of saving society as well as souls

Question 4

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 4

Under the leadership of Frances Wilard, made into a broader and more active organization, adopting any and all reasonable reforms that would imrpove social welfare, advacing women’s rights
- big focus = temperance (abstinence from alcohol)

Question 5

Jane Addams

Answer 5

Sociologist, activist, and administrator
- powerful force for growing reform movements, branching from childcare, cultural events, political advocy, and anti-war activism
- Creates her own settlement house (Hull House, influential home in Chicago, cooperation rather than confrontation between rich and poor)
- All of the above, spoke out against militariams, Hull House

Question 6

19th Amendment

Answer 6

Gave woman the right to vote, right to vote is not restriction because of sex

Question 7

Trusts/”Trust Busting”

Answer 7

Trusts: Monopolies and cartels that emerged from the Gilded Age
- attracted responses in form of new regulations and attempts to “trust busting”
- Theodore gaining fame as a trustbuster by attacking the Nothern Securities Company

Question 8

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 8

First effort to regulate monopolies to preserve “fair competition”
- not all monopolies were illegal, only those that “unreasonably” stifiled free trade

Question 9

“Preservation”/”Conservation”

Answer 9

Two competing strategies that dueled for supremacy among enviornemntal reformers
Preservation: John Muir advocated Preservation rather than conservation setting aside land for aesthetic and spiritual value

Conservation: Pinchot led charge for conservation, “To take every part of the land and its resources and put it to that use in which it will serve the most people”

Question 10

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 10

Separate but equal was a leagal principle that enshrined by this supreme court case
- Jim Crow established in every aspect of life, enforcing segregation in urabn areas

Question 11

Booker T. Washington

Answer 11

Advocated for racial accomodationism
-championing progress of black businesses and independent black communities but NOT directly challenging white supremacy (accomondationist and “respectability politics”)
- established a southern institution educating many Black Americans

Question 12

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 12

Advocated political and legal action to challenge white supremacy, co-founder of NAACP
- produced influential shcolarship like The Souls of Black Folk and Black Reconstruction in America
- criticism of Washington reveals politicized context of Black freedom struggle and many positions available to Black activists