20. Introduction to Systems Development and System Analysis

Question 1

What are the reasons to changing AIS

Tip: why change

Answer 1

Examples are
Technology changes
To become more effective and efficient in the organization
Competivitiness
User or business needs

Question 2

The “System Development Life Cycle” approach is a generic approach (SDLC)

Tip: 1) Systems Analysis, 2) Conceptual Design, 3) Physical Design, 4) Implementation and Conversion, 5) Operations and Maintenance

Answer 2

1. Systems Analysis
2. Conceptual Design
3. Physical Design
4. Implementation and Conversion
5. Operations and Maintenance

Question 3

Explain 1) Systems Analysis from SDLC

Tip: Do feasibility study and determine information needs and system requirements

Answer 3

Systems analysis: Is the proposed project feasible? What is actually needed and when will it be done (scope of the project)? If it is feasible,
then identify system requirements together with an analysis report for the steering committee.

Question 4

Explain 2) Conceptual Design
from SDLC

Tip: identify and evaluate design alternative

Answer 4

Conceptual design: determine how to meet user needs. Does project involve purchasing software, developing program in house, or outsourcing?

Question 5

Explain 3) Physical Design from SDLC

Tip: building the database

Answer 5

Physical design: translates broad conceptual design into the specific code, input and output source documents, and building the database.

Question 6

Explain 4) Implementation and Conversion from SDLC

Tip: install, test, train

Answer 6

Implementation and conversion: install and test new hardware and software, train employees after which conversion to the new system will be complete.

Question 7

Explain 5) Operations and Maintenance from SDLC

Answer 7

Operations and maintenance: ongoing reviews of the system with improvements and modifications made if necessary.

Question 8

Who is involved in the SDLC

Tip: a lot of people

Answer 8

Management, users, information systems steering committee, system analysts, project development team, programmers, external players

Question 9

Proper planning provides for achieving goals and objectives.

For systems development, two plans needed:

Tip: 1. Project Development Plan and 2. Master plan

Answer 9

1. Project Development Plan Specific to a project and authored by the project team identifies people, hardware, software, and financial resources needed.
2. Master Plan
   Long-range and authored by steering committee outlining prioritized projects and timetables.

Question 10

Business Case (feasibility analysis)

Tip: economic, technical, legal, scheduling and operational

Answer 10

Economic: Do benefits of new system justify the costs (time and resources) to implement?

Technical: Can we use existing technology?

Legal: Does new system comply with regulations, laws, and contractual obligations?

Scheduling: Can the system be developed in the time allotted?

Operational: Do we have the people to design and implement the system? Will people use the new system?

Question 11

Capital budgeting approach assessment if a potential project information system is worth it economically

Answer 11

Payback period (breakeven), net present value (tilbage diskontering) and internal rate of return.

Question 12

Why does people resist change?

Answer 12

Fear, lack of top-management support, bad prior experience, poor communication, disruption, biases and emotions

Question 13

How to prevent behavioral problems

Answer 13

Management support, satisfy user needs, reduce fear, provide training, performance evaluation, keep open communication.

Question 14

Chapter 20 discuss the first phase 1 in system analysis.

Phase 1 from SDLC:

1. Initial Investigation
2. System Survey
3. Feasibility Study
4. Information Needs and System Requirements
5. Systems Analysis Report

Answer 14

Phase 1. Initial Investigation

Examines the Information System problem to be solved, determine the project scope (what the project should and should not accomplish).