20 Bio flashcards
enzymes
control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism
anabolism
the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones, and require energy
catabolism
the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy
dehydration synthesis
simple sugar molecules are linked into a chain to form molecules of glycogen, a carbohydrate, using an anabolic process
hydrolysis
a process at which decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and splits a water molecule in the process
substrate
an enzyme that acts only on a particular chemical
active site
during an enzyme catalyzed reaction, part of the enzyme molecule temporarily combines with portions of the substrate molecules, forming an enzyme substrate complex
cofactor
inactive enzymes until they combine with a non-protein component
coenzyme
ion of an element such as copper, iron, or zinc or a small organic molecule
energy
the capacity to change or move matter; the ability to do work
oxidation
when cells burn glucose molecules
ATP
energy captured in the form of high-energy electrons that the cell can store
anaerobic
phase of cellular respiration
metabolic pathway
a sequence of enzyme controlled reactions
DNA
hold info in the form of a genetic code
