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20 amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic for Aliphatic amino acids?

A

Glaciers in Alaska Valiently Locate Isolated Prowlers

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2
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Glycine (Gly) G
[Glaciers]

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3
Q

What are the properties of Aliphatic amino acids?

A
  • Hydrocarbon R groups
  • Hydrophobic
  • Nonpolar: C and H atoms lack charge
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4
Q

What is the role of aliphatic amino acids in biological function?

A
  • Contribute to the hydrophobic core
  • Protein-protein interactions
  • Membrane protein structures
  • Regions in enzymes
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5
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Alanine (Ala) A
[Alaska]

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6
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Valine (Val) V
[Valiantly]

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7
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Leucine (Leu) L
[Locate]

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8
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Isoleucine (Ile) I
[Isolated]

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9
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Proline (Pro) P
[Prowlers]

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10
Q

Metabolism and energy.
Which aliphatic amino acids are essential but are NOT biosynthesised?
a) Gly
b) Ala
c) Val
d) Leu
e) Ile
f) Pro

A

d) Leu and e) Ile

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11
Q

What is the mnemonic for Aromatic amino acids?

A

the Aroma of Fine Pine and Yellow Timber are Worth the Tryp

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12
Q

What are the properties of aromatic amino acids?

A
  • Presence of aromatic ring in their side chains
  • Hydrophobic
  • Interaction with light
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13
Q

What is the role of aromatic amino acids in biological function?

A
  • Aromatic rings provide stability
  • Hydrophobicity: mostly found in interior of protein
  • Maintain protein tertiary structure
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14
Q

Which amino acids are known for their fluorescence properties?
a) Phe
b) Tyr
c) Trp

A

b) Tyr and c) Trp

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15
Q

Biological significance.
What is the biological significance of Trp?

A

Tryptophan residues are involved int he active sites of enzymes during protein-protein interactions

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16
Q

Chemical reactivity.
What is a characteristic chemical reactivity of aromatic amino acids?
a) Absorption of visible light
b) Formation of disulfide bonds
c) Inhibition of enzyme activity
d) Involvement in oxidation and reduction reactions

A

d) Involvement of oxidation and reduction reactions

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17
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Phenylalanine (Phe) F

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18
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Tyrosine (Tyr) Y

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19
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Tryptophan (Trp) W

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20
Q

What is the mnemonic for amino acids that contain an alcohol functional group?

A

Alcohol is a Serious Threat.

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21
Q

Which amino acid has a side chain containing a hydroxyl group?
a) Valine
b) Serine
c) Leucine
d) Glycine

A

b) Serine

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22
Q

Biological significance.
What is the primary biological significance of serine in cellular processes?
a) Energy storage
b) Oxygen transport
c) Cellular signalling and biomolecule synthesis
d) Structural support

A

c) Cellular signalling and biomolecule synthesis

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23
Q

What type of chemical group does serine contain in its side chain?
a) Amine group
b) Hydroxyl group
c) Carboxyl group
d) Sulfhydryl group

A

b) Hydroxyl group

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24
Q

How does the hydroxyl group in serine contribute to its solubility?
a) It forms covalent bonds with water.
b) It forms hydrogen bonds with water and polar groups.
c) It undergoes ionization in water.
d) It repels water molecules.

A

B) It forms hydrogen bonds with water and polar groups.

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25
Q

In cellular signalling pathways, what common post-translational modification occurs on serine residues?
a) Acetylation
b) Glycosylation
c) Phosphorylation
d) Methylation

A

c) Phosphorylation

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26
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Threonine (Thr) T

27
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Serine (Ser) S

28
Q

What is a characteristic property of basic amino acids?
a) Hydrophobicity
b) Acidic nature
c) Positively charged side chains
d) Aromatic ring structures

A

c) Positively charges side chains

29
Q

Which of the following amino acids is an example of a basic amino acid?
a) Serine
b) Valine
c) Lysine
d) Asparagine

30
Q

How do basic amino acids typically interact with acidic amino acids in proteins?
a) Repulsion
b) Covalent bonding
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Attraction

A

d) Attraction

31
Q

What is the charge of basic amino acids at physiological pH?
a) Neutral
b) Negative
c) Positive
d) Variable

A

c) Positive

32
Q

In the context of protein structure, where might you expect to find basic amino acids?
a) Exposed on the protein surface
b) In the hydrophobic core
c) Forming disulfide bonds
d) Within alpha helices

A

a) Exposed on the protein surface

33
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Arginine (Arg) R

34
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Histidine (His) H

35
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Lysine (Lys) K

36
Q

Which amino acid is sulfur-containing and plays a crucial role in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins?
a) Methionine
b) Cysteine
c) Serine
d) Threonine

A

b) Cysteine

37
Q

What is the characteristic functional group in the side chain of cysteine?
a) Thioether group
b) Hydroxyl group
c) Amino group
d) Sulfhydryl group

A

d) Sulfhydryl group

38
Q

Which amino acids contain hydroxyl groups in their side chains?
a) Methionine and cysteine
b) Cysteine and serine
c) Threonine and methionine
d) Threonine and serine

A

d) Threonine and Serine

39
Q

What type of bond can cysteine form in proteins?
a) Peptide bond
b) Disulfide bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Ionic bond

A

b) Disulfide bond

40
Q

The hydroxyl groups in serine and threonine contribute to the ___________ of these amino acids.
a) Hydrophobicity
b) Hydrophilicity
c) Acidity
d) Aromaticity

A

b) Hydrophobicity

41
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Methionine (Met) M

42
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Cysteine (Cys) C

43
Q

The sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine contributes to the ____________ in proteins.
a) Hydrophobicity
b) Hydrophilicity
c) Disulfide bond formation
d) Peptide bond stability

A

c) Disulfide bond formation

44
Q

The hydroxyl group in threonine can participate in various _____________ reactions.
a) Oxidation
b) Phosphorylation
c) Glycosylation
d) Disulfide bond formation

A

c) Glycosylation

45
Q

The hydroxyl groups in serine and threonine make them more ___________ in nature.
a) Hydrophobic
b) Acidic
c) Basic
d) Hydrophilic

A

d) Hydrophillic

45
Q

The thioether group in methionine contributes to its ____________ properties.
a) Hydrophilic
b) Aromatic
c) Hydrophobic
d) Basic

A

c) Hydrophobic

45
Q

In proteins, the hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine can form ____________ with water molecules.
a) Covalent bonds
b) Ionic bonds
c) Hydrogen bonds
d) Peptide bonds

A

c) Hydrogen bonds

45
Q

What is a characteristic property of acidic amino acids?
a) Hydrophobicity
b) Basic nature
c) Negatively charged side chains
d) Aromatic ring structures

A

c) Negatively charged side chains

46
Q

Which amino acid is an example of an acidic amino acid?
a) Serine
b) Glutamic acid
c) Lysine
d) Threonine

A

b) Glutamic acid

46
Q

At physiological pH, acidic amino acids are typically in their ____________ form.
a) Neutral
b) Positive
c) Negatively charged
d) Hydrophobic

A

c) Negatively charged

47
Q

Acidic amino acids often interact with ____________ amino acids in proteins.
a) Hydrophobic
b) Basic
c) Aromatic
d) Sulfur-containing

48
Q

Where are acidic amino acids often found in the three-dimensional structure of proteins?
a) In the hydrophobic core
b) Forming disulfide bonds
c) Exposed on the protein surface
d) Within alpha helices

A

c) Exposed on the protein surface

49
Q

What is the protonation state of aspartic acid?
a) Neutral
b) Positively charged
c) Negatively charged
d) Hydrophobic

A

c) Negatively charged

50
Q

Aspartate is the ____________ form of aspartic acid.
a) Protonated
b) Deprotonated
c) Hydrophobic
d) Basic

A

b) Deprotonated

51
Q

In a biological context or at physiological pH, aspartic acid tends to exist as ____________.
a) Aspartic Acid
b) Aspartate
c) Both
d) Neither

A

b) Aspartate

52
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Aspartate (Asp) D

53
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Glutamate (Glu) E

54
Q

Asparagine and glutamine are examples of amino acids with side chains that contain:
a) Amino groups
b) Carboxyl groups
c) Amide groups
d) Thiol groups

A

c) Amide groups

55
Q

Asparagine and glutamine are often involved in forming ____________ bonds within proteins.
a) Disulfide
b) Hydrogen
c) Peptide
d) Ionic

A

c) Peptide

56
Q

The side chain of asparagine contains a(n) ____________ group.
a) Hydroxyl
b) Amine
c) Sulfhydryl
d) Amide

57
Q

In a biological context, asparagine and glutamine are often referred to as ____________ amino acids.
a) Hydrophobic
b) Hydrophilic
c) Basic
d) Acidic

A

b) Hydrophollic

58
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Glutamine (Gln) Q

59
Q

Identify this amino acid and their abbreviations.

A

Asparagine (Asn) N

BCMB2002 (2 decks)

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