20 Amino Acids

Question 1

G

Answer 1

Glycine Gly
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, chiral

Question 2

A

Answer 2

Alanine Ala
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, hydrophobic

Question 3

P

Answer 3

Proline Pro
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, “cis” amino acid makes kinks in alpha helices and often used in beta turns

Question 4

V

Answer 4

Valine Val
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, hydrophobic

Question 5

L

Answer 5

Leucine Leu
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, hydrophobic

Question 6

I

Answer 6

Isoleucine Ile
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, hydrophobic, isomer of leucine

Question 7

M

Answer 7

Methionine Met
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group, hydrophobic, start codon

Question 8

S

Answer 8

Serine Ser
Polar uncharged R group, hydrophilic, can be phosphorylated

Question 9

T

Answer 9

Threonine Thr
Polar uncharged R group, hydrophilic, can be phosphorylated

Question 10

C

Answer 10

Cysteine Cys
Polar uncharged R group, covalent disulfide binds, mildly hydrophilic
8.3

Question 11

N

Answer 11

Asparagine Asn
Polar uncharged R group, hydrophilic

Question 12

Q

Answer 12

Glutamine Gln
Hydrophilic

Question 13

F

Answer 13

Phenylalanine Phe
Aromatic R groups, hydrophobic, aromatic

Question 14

Y

Answer 14

Tyrosine Tyr
Aromatic R groups, mildly hydrophobic, can be phosphorylated
10

Question 15

W

Answer 15

Tryptophan Trp
Aromatic R groups, hydrophobic

Question 16

D

Answer 16

Aspartate Asp
Negatively Charged R groups, negative charge
Below 4

Question 17

E

Answer 17

Glutamate Glu
Negatively charged R group, negative charge
Above 4

Question 18

K

Answer 18

Lysine Lys
Positively charged R groups
10.5 (10.8)

Question 19

R

Answer 19

Arginine Arg
Positively charged R groups, guanadino
12.5

Question 20

H

Answer 20

Histidine His
Positively charged R groups, base, uncharged physiological
6

Question 21

Primary structure

Answer 21

Primary structure linear chain amino acids, linked by peptide binds between carboxyl and amines, amino acids referred to as residues. Exposed amino group at N terminus left and c terminus on right. Residues dictate how fold

Question 22

Secindary structure

Answer 22

Alpha helices and beta sheets formed by h bonds
Alpha helices carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen for intramolecular bonds at core so side chains outwards.
Beta sheets parallel or antiparallel, rows held by intramolecular h binds with carbinyl and amid h bonds.