2 you are what you eat Flashcards
anorexia + DSM
lack of appetite or restraint from eating by nervousness (significant low body weight, deny having the problem, distorted perception of body weight)
DSM Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa: an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, combined with behaviors that result in significantly low body weight.
- Restrictionofenergyintake relative torequirements,leading to a significantly low body weightinthe context of age, sex, developmentaltrajectory, andphysical health.Significantlylow weightisdefinedas a weightthatisless thanminimallynormalor, forchildrenand adolescents,lessthan thatminimallyexpected.
- Intensefearof gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior thatinterfereswith weight gain, eventhough atasignificantly lowweight.
- Disturbanceinthe way in which one’s body weight or shapeisexperienced, undueinfluenceof body weight or shape on self-evaluation, orpersistent lackof recognition of the seriousness ofthecurrentlowbody weight.
bulimia
uncontrollable binge eating and efforts to prevent resulting weight gain by using inappropriate behaviours such as self-inducing vomiting and excessive exercise
Common characteristics:
- fear of being or becoming fat
- may be normal weight or even overweight
- Bulimia typically begins with restricted eating motivated by the desire to be slender. During these early stages, the person eats low-calorie foods. Over time, this restriction gradually erodes, and the person starts to eat “forbidden” foods. During average binge, someone with bulimia nervosa may consume many as 4,800 calories
- After the binge, they vomit, fast, exercise excessively, or abuse laxatives.
- disgusted by their behavior, but thepurging alleviates the fear of gaining weight that comesfromeating
- often preoccupiedwithshame,guilt,self-deprecation
binge-eating disorder
A. Recurrent episodesofbingeeating. An episode of binge eatingis characterized byboth ofthe following:
- Eating, in adiscreteperiod of time(e.g.,withinany 2-hour period),anamountoffoodthatisdefinitelylarger thanwhat most people wouldeatina similarperiod of time under similarcircumstances.
- A senseof lack of controlovereating during the episode (e.g.,afeelingthatone cannotstopeating or control what orhowmuch oneis eating).
B.The binge-eating episodesare associatedwiththree(or more) ofthefollowing:
- Eating much more rapidly thannormal.
- Eatinguntilfeelinguncomfortably full.
- Eating largeamountsof food when not feeling physicallyhungry.
- Eating alone because offeeling embarrassedby howmuch oneis eating.
- Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, orvery guiltyafterward.
C.Marked distressregardingbinge eatingispresent.
- The binge eating occurs, on average, at leastonce aweek for3months.
- The bingeeatingisnotassociatedwiththerecurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behaviorasinbulimianervosa anddoes not occur exclusivelyduring thecourseofbulimia nervosaor anorexianervosa.
anorexia consequences
anorexia epidemiology
anorexia comorbidity
bulimia nervosa consequences
how does the DSM 5 diagnose bulimia
A.Recurrent episodesof bingeeating.Anepisodeof binge eatingischaracterized by bothofthe following:
- Eating,inadiscrete period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period), an amountoffood thatisdefinitely larger than whatmostindividuals wouldeatinasimilar period of time under similar circumstances.
- A senseoflackof control overeating during the episode(e.g.,afeeling that one cannotstop eatingor control what orhowmuch oneis eating).
B. Recurrentinappropriate compensatorybehaviorsinorder toprevent weightgain, suchasself-induced vomiting;misuse oflaxatives,diuretics,orother medications; fasting; or excessiveexercise.
C. Thebinge eating andinappropriatecompensatorybehaviorsboth occur, onaverage, atleast onceaweek for 3 months.
D.Self-evaluation isundulyinfluencedby bodyshapeandweight.
E.The disturbance does not occur exclusively duringepisodesofanorexia nervosa.
bulimia epidemiology
bulimia comorbidity
underweight
overweight
obesity
body image
purging
lanugo due to ED
amenorrhea due to ED
osteoporosis due to ED
how do EDs lead to hypothermia
electrolyte imbalances due to ED
cross-over
transdiagnostic approach
family-based treatments
how does Cognitive behavioral therapy aid in ED recovery?
pharmacological treatments for ED
effectiveness of treatments
how to prevent relapse?
mirror exposure
individual risk factors
perfectionism
body image
dieting
negative affect
sexual abuse
sociocultural explanationa
media
family
peers
what are the 2 subtypes of Anorexia
Restricting: fasting, minimal food consumption
→ avoiding to eat in presence of other people (eating extremely slow or throwing food away in secret)
and
Binge eating / purging: combination of binge eating (out of control consumption) and purging - remove food from body
Diagnostic features