2 Ways Alike and Different

Question 1

Respiration in different groups

Answer 1

Birds:
-gas exchange in walls of microscopic tubules (air capillaries)
-2 respiration cycles (inspiration and expiration both twice)
Mammals:
-gas exchange in microscopic sacs in lungs (alveoli)
-1 respiration cycle

Question 2

Cardiac and skeletal muscles

Answer 2

both striated
Cardiac-involuntary
Skeletal-voluntary

Question 3

Type I and II lung cells

Answer 3

Type I- squamous, allow for gas exchange

Type II- cuboidal, secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 4

Respiratory passages in humans: trachea and bronchioles

Answer 4

Trachea- part of passageway that supplies air to lungs; has smooth muscle and c-shaped rings of cartilage for support
Bronchioles- passageway for air to alveoli; no cartilage

Question 5

Pacemaker and contractile cells of heart

Answer 5

Pacemaker- set pace of contractions; stimulates contractile cells to contract

Contractile cells-respond to impulse from pacemaker; no pacemaker activity; produce strength of contraction

Question 6

Lung capacities and volumes

Answer 6

???

Question 7

Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve

Answer 7

Tidal volume- difference b/w volumes after normal inhalation and exhalation; adults at rest = 500-600 ml

Inspiratory reserve volume- additional air forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume; 3,100 ml

Question 8

Internal and external intercostals

Answer 8

Internal-contraction rotates ribs posteriorly and inward, decreasing volume thoracic cavity (I-PI-E)
-most important muscles during exhalation

External-contraction rotates ribs anteriorly and outward, expanding thoracic activity
-greater role during inhalation during exercise