2: water, weak bonds and the generation of order out of chaos Flashcards
brownian motion
the movement of molecules powered by random fluctuations of environmental energy
hydrogen bond
attraction between a hydrogen and a more electronegative atom or group
electrostatic interactions (ionic bonds)
attraction/bonding between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound
van der walls interactions
when adjacent atoms come close enough that their outer electron clouds barely touch
hydrophobic effect
the tendency of non polar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and avoid water
pH
the measure of H+ concentration in a solution
buffer
an acid base conjugate pair that resists changes in the pH of a solution
hydrogen bonds are
stronger than van der walls interactions, important in the structure of the DNA double helix
the hydrophobic effect:
important for protein folding and formation of cellular membranes
the lower the pH…
the higher the H+ concentration
what is the concentration of phosphoric acid at a pH concentration of zero?
H3PO4
what is the formula for phosphoric acid in aqueous solution at a pH of 14?
(PO4)3-
titration
the process of determining the quantity of substance A by adding measured increments of substance B (titrant) with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalence is achieved
pKa
-logKa
acid
proton donor
